510 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bdll. 137 



It is curious that Adair does not furnish us with a good account 

 of this article of dress. He merely says that "the men fasten several 

 different sorts of beautiful feathers, frequently in tufts ; or the wing 

 of a red bird, or the skin of a small hawk, to a lock of hair on the 

 crown of their heads" (Adair, 1775, p. 9) and swan feathers on the 

 heads of warriors. 



As already noted, the earlier forms of head band gave way in later 

 times to a turban made of European fabrics which sometimes covered 

 the entire head and was supplemented with skins of animals and 

 feathers, or to head bands of silver. All of these articles were directly 

 descended from those w^hich our earliest records reveal, the handker- 

 chief from the netting and skin thongs, the skins from such as are 

 figured by Le Moyne, and the silver crowns probably from similar 

 copper objects. The feathers underwent no change except that many 

 or most of them were later derived from domestic fowl. It is worthy 

 of note that the Alabama distinguish the handkerchief head band and 

 the silver head band by different names, isba'kaiciha' and cia'tala, 

 respectively. There were no restrictions regarding the wearing of 

 these so far as the present representatives of the Alabama tribe know, 

 except that the silver head band was used only at dances. 



EAR ORNAMENTS 



Barlowe observed that the wife of a North Carolina coast noble. 

 Granganimeo, wore in her ears 



bracelets [i. e., strings] of jyearls hanging down to her middle. . . . and those 

 were of the bignes of good pease. The rest of her women of the better sort had 

 pendants of copper hanging in either eare, and some of the children of the 

 kings brother and other noble men, have five or sixe in either eare. (Burrage, 

 1906, p. 232.) 



In the same region Hariot reports not only seeing strings of 

 pearls used for ear ornaments but smooth bones, claws of birds stuck 

 through the ears, these only by the men, and in one case two small 

 pieces of silver worn by "a Wiroans or chiefe Lorde." The priests 

 wore earrings, but their nature was not specified (Hariot, 1893, p. 14, 

 pis. 3, 4). Lederer found the Tuscarora women of the better sort 

 decked with pieces of bright copper in their hair and ears (Lederer, 

 1912, p. 162). When Percy met the Werowance of Kapahanna, the 

 ears of the latter were hung with strings of pearls "and in either eare 

 a Birds Claw through it beset with fine Copper or Gold." He men- 

 tions wearing of birds' legs in the ears as a common practice (Narr. 

 Early Va., Tyler ed., 1907, pp. 14, 12) . Strachey, speaking of the Pow- 

 hatan men, says : 



Their eares they boare with wyde holes, comonly two or three, and in the 

 same they doe hang chaines of stayned pearle braceletts, of white bone or shreeds 

 of copper, beaten thinne and bright, and wound up hoUowe, and with a greate 



