530 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOIX)GT [Bull. 187 



In Lawson's time the Siouan Indians were accustomed to 



buy Vermillion of the Indian traders, wherewith they paint their faces all over 

 red, and commonly make a circle of black about one eye and another circle of 

 white about the other, whilst others bedawb their faces with tobacco pipe 

 clay, lamp black, black lead, and divers other colors, which they make with 

 the several sorts of minerals and earths that they get in different parts of 

 the country, where they hunt and travel. (Lawson, 1860, pp. 312-313; and 

 see above p. 527. ) 



The Keyauwee Indians painted their faces with lead ore obtained 

 in "the neighboring mountains," which Rights has identified with 

 the Carraway Mountains in central North Carolina (Lawson, 1860, 

 p. 88; Rights, 1931, p. 415). 



Lederer discovered one source of red paint in mountains near the 

 Sara or Cheraw country close to Yadkin River, and located by Rights 

 in Moore County. 



The Indians draw great quantities of cinnabar, with which beaten to powder 

 they colour their faces: this mineral is of a deeper purple than vermilion, 

 and is the same which is in so much esteeme amongst physicians, being the first 

 element of quicksilver. (Alvord, 1912, p. 158.) 



Of the special patterns used at certain times or by certain persons 

 we have some examples in the illustrations in the work of McKenney 

 and Hall, but the significance of few of these is known. 



At the town of the Occaneechi near Clarksville, Va., Lederer met 

 "four stranger-Indians, whose bodies were painted in various colours 

 with figures of animals whose likeness I had never seen" (Alvord, 1912, 

 p. 154). 



One is surprised to learn that, among the Indians of Virginia and 

 Carolina, if we may trust Lawson and Beverley, women made no use 

 of paint, and, speaking of the Creeks, Bartram tells us that the women 

 "never paint, except those of a particular class, when disposed to grant 

 certain favors to the other sex." (Lawson, 1860, p. 313; Beverley, 

 1705, bk. 3, pp. 6-7; Bartram, 1792, p. 501.) In relatively modern 

 times, at least, Alabama women, when dressing for the dances, put 

 small spots of red, or sometimes of yellow, on their cheeks. They are 

 also said to have blackened the upper lip with charcoal. 



What Bartram says of abstinence from paint by Creek women is 

 confirmed by Speck for the Yuchi : 



The only use ever made of paint in the case of women seems to have been to 

 advertise the fact that they were unmarried. Women of various ages are now, 

 however, observed with paint, and it is generally stated that no significance Is 

 attached to it. One informant gave the above information in regard to the past 

 use of paint among women and thought that to wear it was regarded then as 

 a sign of willingness to grant sexual privileges. The woman's pattern consists 

 simply of a circular spot in red, about one inch across, on each cheek. (Speck, 

 1909, p. 53.) 



