SwANTON] INDIANS OP THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES 531 



On the other hand, we have positive evidence that paint was used 

 considerably by women of the Caddo (Swanton, 1942, pp. 144r-145), 

 the lower Mississippi tribes, and those of Florida. 



Speck supplies us with a little information regarding patterns 

 used by the Yuchi men at a late period : 



There are four or five patterns for men and they indicate which of two 

 societies, namely the Chief or the Warrior society, the wearer belongs to . . . 

 Although the privilege of wearing certain of these patterns is inherited from 

 the father, young men are not, as a rule, entitled to use them until they have 

 been initiated into the town and can take a wife. Face painting is an important 

 ceremonial decoration and is scrupulously worn at ceremonies, public occasions 

 and ball games. A man is also decorated with his society design for burial. 

 (Speck, 1909, pp. 52-53.) 



Although there exists no strictly regular design for the facial decoration of a 

 Chief, yet the following limitations are traditionally observed. Little or no black 

 is used, both eyes are surrounded with red, and usually on each cheek alternating 

 bars, less than two inches long, of blue and yellow are laid horizontally. Fre- 

 quently three small blue spots are placed in a line between the corner of the eye 

 and the temple. Any of these markings may be omitted or varied to suit personal 

 fancy, yet the characteristics are prominently retained. The young child mem- 

 bers of the Chief society, who have not yet been formally initiated to the band, 

 are usually decorated with red on the eyebrows, cheeks and forehead. It is 

 asserted that this society has the privilege of exercising more freedom in the 

 use of various colors than the Warrior society . . . The characteristic pattern 

 [of the latter] ... is to have one half of the face red, the other black. A varia- 

 tion of this pattern, said to be a simplification, is to paint only one eye socket 

 black and the other red. Accompanying this modification the upper lip is often 

 blackened. (Speck, 1909, p. 76.) 



Red, yellow, and white earths used as body paint were obtained 

 at the Chickasaw bluffs on the Mississippi, and red ocher was brought 

 from the White Bluff near Natchez (Swanton, 1911, p. 62). 



John Spark states of the Florida Indians that : 



"In their warres they vse a sleighter colour of painting their 

 faces [than tattooing], thereby to make themselves shew the more 

 fierce ; which after their warres ended, they wash away againe. [He 

 adds that the colors were] red, blacke, yellow, and russet, very per- 

 fect." (Hakluyt, 1847-89, vol. 3, p. 613; Swanton, 1922, pp. 351- 

 352.) 



Laudonniere notes that these Indians put much paint upon their 

 faces when they went to war, and this was evidently their custom 

 when they met strangers because, when Ribault crossed the St. Johns 

 River to revisit Indians met before, he found them "waiting for us 

 quietly, and in good order, with new paintings upon their faces, and 

 feathers upon their heads." (Laudonniere, 1586, p. 9 ; French, 1875, 

 p. 178; Swanton, 1922, pp. 351-352.) Le Moyne observes that they 

 were "in the habit of painting the skin around their mouths of a blue 

 color" (Le Moyne, 1875, p. 8, 15; Swanton, 1922, p. 352). 



