SwANTON] INDIANS OF THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STTATES 541 



ever, no historical evidence of this type of deformation among the 

 Creeks, Cherokee, Quapaw, Shawnee, Florida tribes, the Siouan tribes 

 of Virginia, or the Algonquian people of that State and North Carolina. 



DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ORNAMENTS WORN BY MEN AND WOMEN 



In general the differences between ornaments worn by men and 

 those worn by women were confined to details. Metal and shell 

 gorgets seem to have been worn mainly by men, as were the 

 headdresses of dyed hair, and I have no record of a woman in this 

 section with her nosed pierced. By the Alabama I was told that 

 arm bands were worn only by men, but this was not universal in 

 the Southeast. The crescent-shaped breast ornaments also seem to 

 have been monopolized by males. Feathers were used mostly by 

 men, and they also appear to have indulged in paints to a greater 

 extent. For head deformation, see above. 



THE USE OF STONE 

 SOURCES OF THE RAW MATERIAL 



Having treated the manner in which the Indians of the South- 

 east solved the problems of food, clothing, and shelter, we now turn 

 to consider their methods of manufacturing the implements used 

 in these several quests, beginning with objects obtained from the 

 mineral kingdom. The sources of supply will first be considered. 



It might be supposed that the Florida Indians would have been 

 under the necessity of importing most of their flint, and, indeed, some 

 of the Frenchmen with Laudonniere reported that a certain stone 

 used in northwestern Florida for arrowpoints and wedges with which 

 to split wood was found "at the foot of the mountains," by which he 

 meant the Appalachians (1586, p. 8). But Europeans were then un- 

 aware of the extent of country between Florida and these mountains 

 and the quarries in between, so that little reliance can be placed upon 

 the statement. On the other hand, we are informed that all of the 

 arrowheads of southern Florida were made of material obtained near 

 Ballast Point, about 5 miles below Tampa. Farther north, on a small 

 stream known as Trouble Creek, about 5 miles south of Kootie River 

 and 2 miles north of the mouth of Anclote River, is an outcrop of blue 

 flint which was also worked by the aborigines (Walker, S. T., 1880, 

 p. 394). 



The French Huguenots who settled in South Carolina in 1562 were 

 told by a chief on the Georgia coast that crystal was dug up near the 

 foot of a high mountain in the interior, but, like the later Florida 

 reference, this is of small value (Laudonniere, 1586, p. 52). C. C. 

 Jones mentions quarries as existing along the Oconee, Ocmulgee, Flint, 



