554 BUREAU OF AMEKICAN ETHKOLOGT [Bulu187 



pleted. A fresh-water mussel shell was used to shape and smooth 

 it both on the outside and on the inside. Then it was dried in the 

 sun for 3 or 4 days, or perhaps even longer, after which it was 

 turned upside down and burned by means of a fire made of dry tree 

 bark heaped all around and above it. When it was red hot, a liquid 

 made from the leaves of the dark sumac boiled in water was poured 

 over it. This is said to have been done in order to make it smooth. 

 It also gave the pot a bluish tint in place of the natural red or 

 yellow color of the clay. 



Lawson, who so often illuminates ethnological problems in the 

 Siouan area, furnishes us with little more than an archeological note 

 on the subject of pottery, citing "the earthen pots that are often 

 found under ground, and at the foot of the banks where the water 

 has washed them away," as evidence for occupancy of the country 

 earlier than by the historic tribes. These pots were, he says, "for the 

 most part broken in pieces; but we find them of a different sort, 

 in comparison of those the Indians use at this day [1709] who have 

 had no other ever since the English discovered America" (Lawson, 

 1860, p. 279). 



Michel (1916, p. 123) merely notes of the Indians of Monacan town 

 that they had pots which they often brought to the white settlers 

 to sell, and when it was desired they brought them full of com. 



In the text accompanying one of his plates, Hariot has this : 



Their women know how to make earthen vessells with special Cunninge and 

 that so large and fine, that our potters with Ihoye (theyr) wheles can make noe 

 better: ant then Remoue them from place to place as easelye as we can doe 

 our brassen kettles. After they haue set them vppon an heape of erthe to 

 stay them from fallinge, they putt wood vnder which being kyndled one of 

 them taketh great care that the fyre burne equallye Rounde abowt. They 

 or their women fill the vessel with water, and then putt they in fruite, flesh, 

 and fish, and lett all boyle together like a galliemaufrye, which the Spaniarde call, 

 olla podrida. (Hariot, 1893, pi. 15.) 



In this same area, Barlowe noted that the vessels of the natives 

 were "earthen pots, very large, white and sweete" (Burrage, 1906, p. 

 236). The Virginia chroniclers in general mention the use of pots 

 without making any comment regarding them. In the Algonquian 

 and Siouan sections, however, we have frequent mention of clay pipes 

 (Strachey, 1849, pp. 32, 121-122; Lawson, 1860, p. 338), and they are 

 manufactured down to the present day by the Catawba. Among the 

 Congaree, Lawson (1860, pp. 54^55) noted stone pipes, and throughout 

 the rest of the Gulf region as far as the Mississippi this is the only 

 material to which reference is made. 



None of our informants attempts a description of the manner in 

 which earthenware pipes were made, and we must fall back for that 

 on the modern process perpetuated among the Catawba Indians along 



