SwANTON] INDIANS OP THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES 629 



When the chief took a wife, Le Moyne tells us, she was brought in 

 a litter preceded by men 



blowing upon trumpets made of bark, which are smaller above and larger at 

 the farther end and having only the two orifices, one at each end. They are 

 hung with small oval balls of gold, silver and brass, for the sake of a finer 

 combination of sounds. (Le Moyne, 1875, p. 13; Swanton, 1922, p. 372.) 



In 1607, Percy observed that the werowance of Rapahannock in 

 Virginia came to his party "playing on a Flute made of a Reed" 

 (Narr. Early Va., Tyler ed., 1907, p. 14), and Smith and Strachey give 

 short descriptions of the instrument. Smith says : 



For their musicke they use a thicke cane, on which they pipe as on a Recorder. 

 (Smith. John, Tyler ed., p. 107.) 



And Strachey : 



They have a kynd of cane on which they pipe as on a recorder, and are like 

 the Greeke pipes, which they called bombyces, being hardly to be sounded without 

 great strayning of the breath, upon which they observe certain rude times. 

 (Strachey, 1849, p. 79.) 



Romans (1775, p. 62) says that in his time the Chickasaw p^pyed 

 "on an aukward kind of flute made of a cane." Bartram describes the 

 flutes seen by him belonging to the Creek (or rather Seminole) and 

 perhaps the Cherokee tribes, as 



made of a joint of reed or the tibia of the deer's leg: on this instrument they 

 perform badly, and at best it is rather a hideous melancholy discord, than 

 harmony. It is only young fellows who amuse themselves on this howling 

 instrument. (Bartram, 1792, p. 503.) 



A Caddo flageolet is illustrated in Bureau of American Ethnology 

 Bulletin 132 (Swanton, 1942, pi. 17, fig. 1). 



RASPS 



A rasp is shown in Catlin's painting of the Choctaw eagle dance. 

 The Chitimacha say that they formerly used a dried alligator skin 

 for that purpose (Swanton, 1931 a, pi. 6, p. 222; 1911, p. 350). The 

 Hasinai missionary Espinosa saw the Indians make "a noise nothing 

 less than infernal" by rubbing "little polished sticks with slits like a 

 snake's rattles" on a hollow skin (Espinosa, 1927, p. 165). 



SOCIETAL AND CEREMONIAL LIFE 

 TOWNS 



Strachey thus describes the towns of the Powhatan Indians : 



Theire habitations or townes are for the most part by the rivers, or not far 

 distant from fresh springs, comonly upon a rice of a hill, that they may overlooke 

 the river, and take every small thing into view which sturrs upon the same. 



