536 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 137 



This reminds us very much of the Tamahita town, also Yuchi, 

 visited by Gabriel Arthur and situated on one of the headstreams of 

 the Tennessee. 



This towne is seated on ye river side, haveing ye clefts of ye river on ye 

 one side being very high for its defence, the other three sides trees of two 

 foot over, pitched op en*!, twelve foot high, and on ye tcpp« :;cafolds placed 

 with parrapits to defend the walls and offend theire enemies which men stand 

 on to fight, . . . this forte is foure square ; 300 laces over and ye houses 

 sett in streets, many homes like bulls homes lye upon theire dunghills. 

 (Alvord, 1912, p. 185.) 



And at a considerable distance from both of these was the Chatta- 

 hoochee River town mentioned by Bartram : 



The Uche town is situated in a low ground immediately bordering on the 

 river ; it is the largest, most compact, and best situated Indian town I ever 

 saw; the habitations are large and neatly built; the walls of the houses are 

 constructed of a wooden frame, then lathed and plastered inside and out with 

 a reddish well-tempered clay or mortar, which gives them the appearance of 

 red brick walls; and these houses are neatly covered or roofed with Cypress 

 bark or shingles of that tree. The town appeared to be populous and thriving, 

 full of youth and young children. I suppose the number of inhabitants, men, 

 women and children, might amount to one thousand or fifteen hundred, as it is 

 said they are able to muster five hundred gunmen or warriors. (Bartram, 1940, 

 p. 309.) 



A few notes on Cherokee towns also appear in Bartram's Travels : 



The Cherokee town of Sinica is a very respectable settlement, situated on 

 the East bank of the Keowe river, though the greatest number of Indian habi- 

 tations are on the opposite shore, where likewise stands the council-house, in a 

 level plain betwixt the river and the range of beautiful lofty hills, which rise 

 magnificently, and seem to bend over the green plains and the river: but the 

 chief's house, with those of the traders, and some Indian dwellings, are seated 

 on the ascent of the heights on the opposite shore. (Bartram, 1792, pp. 327- 

 328.) 



Later he states : 



After riding about four miles (on the way to Cowe), mostly through fields 

 and plantations, the soil incredibly fertile, arrived at the town of Echoe, con- 

 sisting of many good houses, well inhabited. I passed through and continued 

 three miles farther to Nucasse, and three miles more brought me to Whatoga. 

 Riding through this large town, the road carried me winding about through 

 their little plantations of Corn, Beans, &c. up to the council-house, which was 

 a very large dome or rotunda, situated on the top of an ancient mount, and 

 here my road terminated. All before me and on every side, appeared little 

 plantations of young Corn, Beans, &c. divided from each other by narrow 

 strips or borders of grass, which marked the bounds of each one's property, 

 their habitation standing in the midst. (Bartram, 1792, p. 348.) 



Brother Martin Schneider, a Moravian missionary, in the journal 

 describing his visit to the Cherokee country in 1784-1785, states that 



in the Midst of Every Town is, as it were, a round Tower of Earth about 20 

 Feet high almost like a Heap where Coals are burnt, on which is a little House. 



