640 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Boll. 137 



town as "built in a circle, round a very large open space, without any 

 inclosure, and moderately peopled." He adds: 



The other cabins of the village are partly square, like that of the chief, and 

 partly round, like those of the Natchez. The open space round which they all 

 stand is about 100 paces in diameter. (French, 1851, p. 174; S wanton, 1911, 

 p. 313.) 



A Koroa village, which La Salle visited in his descent of the Mis- 

 sissippi in 1682 and on his return, was on the bluffs, reached by a well 

 beaten path, and had a square "as large as the square in front of the 

 Palais Royal at Paris" (Margry, 1875-86, vol. 1, p. 565; Swanton, 

 1911, p. 828) . Probably this was really the village of the Tiou. 



The Caddo towns, like most of those we have been considering, were 

 generally scattered about "in hamlets and cantons," but our authority 

 for this general statement makes an exception in the case of the 

 Cahinnio who appear to have lived on or near the Ouachita River in 

 southern Arkansas in 1687 for these, he says, had about 100 cabins 

 collected in one place. A plan reproduced by Bolton and Harrington 

 gives a general view of Caddo settlements. (Margry, 1875-86, vol. 3, 

 pp. 387, 416; Bolton, 1915, frontispiece; Swanton, 1942, pi. 1.) 



Probably the best descriptions of the Quapaw villages are given by 

 Joutel, who passed through them in 1687 after the death of La Salle. 

 There were four of these, two on the Arkansas, one on the east side 

 of the Mississippi above the mouth of the Arkansas, and one on the 

 west side still higher up. Joutel and his party came first to the village 

 highest up the Arkansas, which he calls Otsote or Otsotchave. It was 



on a slight elevation which the said river never overflows. . . . [and] built 

 differently from those fof the Caddol we had seen before, since the cabins 

 were long and dome-shaped. They make them out of long poles placed upright 

 with the larger ends buried in the earth, and they bring them together like arbors, 

 but they are very large. They cover them with pieces of bark. Each cabin 

 contains many families, each with its own fire. These cabins are much cleaner 

 than many we have seen, but they were inferior in general to those of the Cenis 

 and the Assonis and others on one point, in that most of the Arkansas lie down 

 on the earth like dogs, with only a skin under them. (Margry, 1875-86, vol. 3, 

 p. 442.) 



The cabins of the next village, Toriman, which was on the Arkansas 

 close to its junction with the Mississippi, were like the cabins of Otsote. 

 Joutel adds that the people of that village made structures like 

 scaffolds raised to a heiglit of 15 to 20 feet. 



on which they lie to take advantage of the wind and to protect themselves from 

 the mosquitoes {maringouins) , the most uncomfortable creatures I have found 

 in America, although little, in that they prevent one from sleeping. But thanks 

 to these scaffolds, when there is a little wind, the said creatures are carried 

 away. (Margry, 1875-86, vol. 3, p. 454.) 



Tongigua, the third village, differed from the others only in size, 

 being much smaller. The last one, Kappa, was the largest and was 



