666 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 137 



being again in California. To this last type belonged the Shawnee, 

 and in all probability the Quapaw which were marginal to the Gulf 

 region. The only Southeastern tribe belonging in any other class is 

 the Caddo, which Spier has himself studied and which he places in the 

 Mackenzie Basin Type. 



In the Crow system, Spier says 



the father's sister is an "aunt" and her female descendants through females are 

 "aunts." The sons of these "aunts" are "fathers," whose children are "brothers" 

 (or "fathers") and "sisters." The mother's brother is an "uncle," whose children 

 are "son" and "daughter" (less commonly for a female speaker) and their chil- 

 dren "grandchildren." The children of a man's brother and a woman's sister 

 are "son" and "daughter" : the children of their other siblings are usually called 

 by nepotic terms. (Spier, 1925, pp. 73-74.) 



In Creek, Koasati, Chickasaw, Yuchi, Timucua, Sixtown Choctaw, 

 and by all female Choctaw the same term is used for grandmother 

 and father's sister. It is somewhat uncertain which is the original 

 term and which the derivative one, since in Koasati the term for 

 father's sister seems to be secondary while in Timucua it is the other 

 way about. In Creek, Koasati, Chickasaw, and Choctaw a woman 

 called her brother's child "grandchild." This evidently is directly 

 connected with the fact that the grandchild called her "grandmother." 

 Inasmuch as a man did not use the term "grandchild" for his nephew 

 or niece, we can understand why among most of the Choctaw he em- 

 ployed another term than "grandmother" for his father's sister, 

 though she did in fact call him "grandson." In a two-moiety society 

 like that of the Choctaw, the Chickasaw, and perhaps that of the 

 Creeks in ancient times, the children of the father, and his brothers 

 and, in fact, all males belonging to his moiety would also be the 

 children of the mother, mother's sister, and women of the same moiety 

 as self, therefore it is not surprising that they should be called 

 brothers and sisters. On the other hand, we do not find that the 

 terminology used toward members of the opposite moiety conforms 

 to the expectable. In such a system, of course, all of the women one 

 calls paternal aunts, and all of the men one calls maternal uncles, will 

 have children who belong to the opposite moiety. There seems to 

 be no reason why these men and women should not have mar- 

 ried, but there are separate terms provided for children of mother's 

 brothers and children of the father's sisters. In Creek, children of 

 the latter receive the same title as do father's brother and father's 

 sister and this to the most remote generations. This is said to 

 have been true of the Choctaw by one informant, at least as it ap- 

 plies to the female line, but according to others the father's sister's 

 daughter was sometimes called "mother" and the father's sister's 

 gi'anddaughter "sister." In Chickasaw the father's sister's daughter 

 and her daughter were known as "aunt" or "grandmother" 



