668 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY Bull. 137 



the father, the discrepancies I noted in Choctaw and Chickasaw 

 may not be mistakes. The terms which a woman uses are very 

 much like those used by a man except that she distinguishes her 

 elder sister and younger sister instead of her elder brother from 

 her younger brother, there being but one term for her brothers 

 ordinarily, as a man has one term for his sisters, and except, of 

 course, that she calls her sister's children by the same terms as her 

 own and speaks of her brother's children as grandchildren. In 

 Clierokee, however, a woman uses for her brother's children the same 

 words that her brother applies to her own, ones which are about 

 equivalent to our "nephew" and "niece." 



The terms for father-in-law and mother-in-law vary in the several 

 languages. In Creek each has a separate term and they are used 

 both by the son-in-law and the daughter-in-law. In Cherokee one 

 word is used for both father-in-law and mother-in-law by individuals 

 of both sexes, but there is an independent term employed only by 

 women. In Choctaw and Chickasaw, as has been already pointed 

 out, a woman calls her father-in-law and mother-in-law "grandfather" 

 and "grandmother" respectively. There is one independent term em- 

 ployed by a man but it appears to be related to the words for grand- 

 mother and grandchild. In Koasati only one stem is used for both 

 relations by persons of both sexes. In Timucua the father-in-law 

 sometimes had the same term as the grandfather, but both parents- 

 in-law also were known by a term based upon that for son-in-law 

 and daughter-in-law. In Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Koasati, 

 and Timucua there is one term each for son-in-law and daughter-in- 

 law and these are extended to the husbands and wives of brothers' 

 and sisters' children. Muskogee is peculiar in having one term cover- 

 ing both these relations. "Mihaiwa" is given by Loughridge and 

 Hodge as a term meaning daughter-in-law, but I have no further infor- 

 mation regarding it. I also have the word, "tcukowaki" applied to the 

 sister's daughter's husband, the same term as that used for sister's hus- 

 band and sometimes for the brother's wife (m. sp.) The exact signifi- 

 cance of this term is in doubt. In Chickasaw and Choctaw three prin- 

 cipal terms are used to cover relations by marriage. Brother's wife has 

 a term to itself no matter whether a man is speaking or a \voman. The 

 term for sister's husband, on the other hand, is extended by the use 

 of the diminutive suffix, to the wife's brother and sister, and in 

 Chickasaw to the husband's brother and sister. Choctaw is excep- 

 tional in that two distinct terms are used for these relatives by a 

 woman. The third general term is applied to a connection by mar- 

 riage such as the wife's brother's wife and wife's sister's husband. 

 In Muskogee there is some uncertainty. A single term is employed 

 for the wife's sister, the wife's brother's wife, and perhaps the 



