674 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 137 



sary to take 10 slaves or 20 scalps. We are also told that there 

 were 3 classes of warriors, "true warriors," "common warriors," 

 and "apprentice warriors" (Du Pratz, 1758, vol. 2, pp. 415-425; 

 Swanton, 1911, p. 129). 



A few Chitimacha personal names have been preserved, but none of 

 these appear to be war names. Some are derived from animals but 

 there is no suggestion of totemism, since certain of the animals were 

 of kinds not likely to become totem animals. Like the Creeks, Choc- 

 taw, Chickasaw, and the neighboring Atakapa, a man dropped his 

 own name as soon as a child was born and became known by the name 

 of the child (Swanton, 1911, p. 353). 



Caddo naming customs are described by Espinosa and Morfi. 

 (Espinosa, 1921, p. 164; Morfi, 1932, pp. 36-37; Swanton, 1942, p. 160.) 



GAMES 



The principal game played in the area under consideration was a 

 variety of that which has been borrowed by whites in a modified form 

 and goes by the name of lacrosse. Lacrosse, however, was adopted 

 from the Algonquian Indians about the Great Lakes, who used but a 

 single stick, whereas the southern Indians used two sticks. These 

 were similar in general pattern to our lacrosse sticks, each being 

 bent over at one end to form a loop which, with the addition of crossed 

 cords, formed a cage in which the ball could be caught and held (see 

 pi. 76, fig. 2). The game was between two parties, usually represent- 

 ing distinct moieties, towns, or occasionally tribes, and each had a 

 goal to which it was the object of the side to bring home the ball. 



Apparently it was not a prominent element in the culture of the 

 Algonquian tribes of the seaboard, but Strachey (1849, p. 77) has the 

 following brief reference to it : 



A kynd of exercise they have often amongst them much like that which boyes 

 call bandy [the name of a bat with which the ball was struck] in English. 



Except for the Caddo, the game appears to have been played by all 

 the southern Indians, and it was very likely known to the Caddo, 

 although we have no description of it. We cannot, indeed, speak with 

 assurance regarding the Florida Indians nor many smaller groups 

 from which there is little information of any kind. Even in the case of 

 the eastern Siouan tribes, our references are confined to Peter Martyr's 

 statement, based on conversation with the Indian, Francisco of Chi- 

 cora, that the latter's people played "tennis," and Lawson's mention 

 of a game "with a batoon and ball" like "our trap ball." (Anghierra, 

 1912, vol. 2, pp. 263-265; Swanton, 1922, p. 45; Lawson, 1860, p. 289.) 

 The latter may be intended as a description of the single-pole ball 

 game, but, if the Spaniard understood his Indian correctly, the south- 

 ern type of lacrosse must have been known. 



