SwANTON] INDIANS OF THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES 737 



ritory now embraced in the State of Louisiana there was regular 

 traffic between the Chitimacha and Atakapa Indians and the Avoyel, 

 the Opelousa tribe acting as middlemen. The last named obtained 

 fish from the Chitimacha and Atakapa, which they exchanged with 

 the Avoyel for flints. Although it is said that flint was abundant 

 in the Avoyel country, it seems probable that they got much of it 

 still farther inland, at the novaculite quarries about Hot Springs, 

 Ark. Some of the flints which the Atakapa obtained in this 

 manner were passed on to the Karankawa, and the Karankawa sup- 

 plied them with globular or conical oil jugs. It is also said, though 

 this may apply to a later period, that the Atakapa carried moss and 

 dried smoked fish to Galveston Island. It would hardly seem as 

 though the last-mentioned article would be in demand with a people 

 such as the Karankawa, themselves coastal. The Atakapa are also 

 said to have gotten most of their pots either from the Karankawa, as 

 just mentioned, or from the inland tribes, and they probably ob- 

 tained skins from the inland tribes as well. To the latter they gave 

 in exchange sharks' teeth, "marine curios," dried or smoked fish, 

 and feathers of birds (Dyer, 1917, pp. 6-7). We may suspect that 

 they got this pottery not only from the Avoyel but from the Caddo 

 tribes, who were noted pottery makers, but it may have come from 

 sources as distant as the Quapaw, who are said to have traded in 

 pots (Margry, 1875-86, pp. 412, 424, 442-443). The Chitimacha 

 claim that they formerly got stone beads as well as arrow points from 

 the inland tribes (Swanton, 1911, pp. 345, 347). We may suspect 

 that the coast Indians also got bowwood from the Caddo in the 

 same way, since tribes came to the Caddo from long distances to 

 secure it (Margry, 1875-86, vol. 3, p. 412). There are records that 

 the Tewa obtained bows from this section through the mediimi of 

 the Comanche (Harrington, J. P., 1916, p. 68). The Quapaw ex- 

 changed earthern vessels, canoes, and wooden platters with the Caddo 

 for bows and arrows and for salt (Margry, 1875-86, vol. 3, pp. 442- 

 443). When De Soto was at Pacaha in 1541, "he met with eight 

 Indian merchants who traded it (salt) through the provinces" and 

 said that it was to be found in the mountains 40 leagues from 

 Pacaha. Some of the Spaniards set out with them to purchase salt, 

 and to get specimens of a yellow metal which they supposed to be 

 gold but actually proved to be copper, and the Pacaha chief supplied 

 them with pearls, deerskins, and beans with which to make the trade. 

 They returned in 11 days with six loads of "fossil salt" and some 

 copper (Garcilaso, 1723, pp. 187-188). Later on they themselves 

 found salt in the provinces of Colima and Cayas. These places were 

 in what is now Arkansas, but other salt provinces, Chaguete and 



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