S WANTON] INDIAJS'S OF THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES 739 



and western limits, viz. North to lat. 37, and west to the distance of about 

 fifty miles from the ocean : yet the Indian inhabitants of the north and west 

 are supplied with it by the maritime Indians in exchange for other commodities. 

 By the sour faces the Indians make in drinking this salubrious liquor, it seems 

 as little agreeable to an Indian as to an European palate, and consequently 

 that the pains and expences tliey are at in procuring it from remote distances, 

 does not proceed from luxury (as tea with us from China) but from its virtue, 

 and the benefit they receive by it. (Catesby, 1731-43, vol. 2, p. xv.) 



According to the same writer Indians as far away as Canada 

 were supplied with bills taken from the ivory-billed woodpecker 

 (Catesby, 1731-43, vol. 2, p. xv). 



As we pass northeast along the Atlantic coast, we seem to discover 

 more evidence of trade. It is several times intimated that Cofita- 

 chequi was a considerable mart, and this was in the neighborhood of 

 Augusta, Ga. About 60 years after the time of De Soto, the Spanish 

 explorer Egija reports that Indians were in the habit of descending 

 the Santee Kiver with cloaks "and many other things" and also copper 

 and "plata blanca," probably mica, which they exchanged with the 

 coast Indians for fish and salt (Lowery ms.). 



In the region about Chesapeake Bay, the sounds of North Carolina, 

 and among the Tuscarora and the Siouan tribes in their vicinity, 

 references to native trade become more numerous. Lederer speaks 

 of Katearas, chief residence of the Tuscarora head chief, as "a place 

 of great Indian trade and commerce" (Alvord, 1912, p. 162). The 

 Occaneechi devoted themselves very largely to trade, as is testified by 

 the fact that their language had become the trade jargon over a con- 

 siderable extent of territory. It is not surprising, therefore, to 

 learn that they had been built up largely of outcasts from other 

 people (Alvord, 1912, p. 225). Of the Eno tribe somewhat farther 

 south, Lederer says, 



They are of mean stature and courage, couvetous and thievish, industrious to 

 earn a peny ; and therefore hire themselves out to their neighbours, who employ 

 them as carryers or porters. They plant abundance of grain, reap three crops in 

 a summer, and out of their granary supply all the adjacent parts. (Alvord, 1912, 

 p. 156.) 



Farther on he met some Cheraw Indians who had gone to trade with 

 the Ushery (probably the Catawba). As media of exchange he men- 

 tions "small shells, which they call roanoack or peack," and also pearls, 

 vermilion, and pieces of crystal. Toward the south the Indians used 

 "some odde pieces of plate or bullon" which evidently came from the 

 Spaniards (Alvord, 1912, p. 170). The peack or peak had been 

 introduced into the south from New Netherlands and New England, 

 but the roanoke was a truly local and aboriginal medium of exchange 

 and was used for all purposes, as Lawson states at considerable length 

 (Lawson, 1860, pp. 314-317; see pp. 482-483 above.) 



