742 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 137 



furnish the Indians with Fire-Arms, because it makes them depend entirely upon 

 the English, not only for their Trade, but even for their subsistence. Besides, 

 tliey were really able to do more mischief, while they made use of Arrows, of 

 which they wou'd let Silently fly Several in a Minute with Wonderful Dexterity, 

 whereas now they hurdly ever discharge their Firelocks more than once, which 

 they insidiously do from behind a Tree, and then retire as nimbly as the Dutch 

 Horse us'd to do now and then formerly in Flanders. (Bassett, 1901, p. 116.) 



Caddo trade has been discussed more at length in Bureau of Ameri- 

 can Ethnology Bulletin 132 (Swanton, 1942, pp. 192-203). 



RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND USAGES 



In an inner room of the house at Roanoke where Granganimeo's wife 

 entertained Amadas and Barlowe was "their Idoll, which they worship, 

 of whome they speake incredible things" (Burrage, 1906, p. 236). 

 This is represented as if it were the chief's own dwelling, but images 

 of the gods were generally kept in ossuaries or temples apart and such 

 may really have been the case in the present instance. Quoting 

 Hariot : 



They thinke that all the gods are of human shape, & therefore they represent 

 them by images in the formes of men, which they call Kewasowok, one alone is 

 called Kewds; Them they place in houses appropriate or temples which they call 

 Machicdmuck; Where they woorship, praie, sing, and make manie times offerings 

 vnto them. In some Machicomuck we haue seene but one Keivas, in some two, 

 and in other some three; The common sort thinke them to to be also gods. 

 (Hariot, 1893, p. 38.) 



Farther on he gives an illustration and description of an image of 

 one of these beings and the house in which it was installed : 



The people of this cuntrie haue an Idol, which they call Kiwasa : yt is carued 

 of woode in lengthe 4. foote whose heade is like the heades of the people of Florida, 

 the face is of a flesh colour, the brest whitte. He hath a chayne abowt his necke 

 of white beades, betweene which are other Rownde beades of copper which they 

 esteeme more then golde or siluer. This Idol is placed in the temple of the towne 

 of Secotam, as the keper of the kings dead corpses. Somtyme they haue two 

 of these idoles in theyr churches, and somtime 3. but neuer aboue, which they 

 place in a darke corner wher they shew terrible. [PI. 92.] (Hariot, 1893, pi. 21.) 



It may be assumed that minor deities of some kind were repre- 

 sented on the carved posts which he describes elsewhere : 



The place where they meet (from all about) is a broade playne, abowt the 

 which are planted In the grownde certayne posts carued with heads like to 

 the faces of Nonnes couered with their vayles. [PI. 93.] (Hariot, 1893, pi. 18.) 



From what Hariot says farther on, when he comes to describe 

 "the tombe of their werowans or cheiff lordes," it is evident that the 

 royal ossuary and the temple were one and the same thing. In the 

 town of Pomeioc at any rate the temple was of a general circular 

 outline, but farther north was more nearly rectangular. 



