﻿THE 
  MINING 
  AND 
  QUARRY 
  INDUSTRY 
  I908 
  3 
  1 
  

  

  cement 
  makers 
  who 
  prefer 
  to 
  use 
  the 
  material 
  in 
  that 
  form. 
  For 
  

   agricultural 
  purposes 
  the 
  gypsum 
  is 
  always 
  ground 
  to 
  a 
  very 
  fine 
  

   product 
  which 
  is 
  marketed 
  under 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  land 
  plaster. 
  The 
  

   manufacture 
  of 
  calcined 
  plasters 
  calls 
  for 
  the 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  

   output 
  of 
  gypsum 
  at 
  the 
  present 
  time. 
  By 
  calcination 
  the 
  gypsum 
  

   is 
  converted 
  into 
  plaster 
  of 
  paris 
  or 
  stucco 
  in 
  which 
  form 
  it 
  is 
  

   used 
  largely 
  as 
  a 
  structural 
  material, 
  also 
  for 
  casts, 
  molds 
  and 
  in 
  

   plate 
  glass 
  manufacture. 
  The 
  calcination 
  is 
  performed 
  generallv 
  

   in 
  vertical 
  kettles, 
  covered 
  at 
  the 
  top, 
  and 
  provided 
  with 
  mechanical 
  

   stirrers 
  for 
  keeping 
  the 
  material 
  in 
  constant 
  motion 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  pre- 
  

   vent 
  overburning. 
  In 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  of 
  the 
  more 
  recently 
  erected 
  

   plants, 
  the 
  calcining 
  process 
  is 
  carried 
  out 
  in 
  a 
  rotary 
  kiln 
  of 
  the 
  

   Cummer 
  type, 
  which 
  has 
  an 
  important 
  advantage 
  of 
  being 
  con- 
  

   tinuous 
  in 
  its 
  work. 
  For 
  plaster 
  of 
  paris 
  the 
  temperature 
  of 
  burn- 
  

   ing 
  does 
  not 
  exceed 
  350° 
  to 
  380° 
  F. 
  as 
  a 
  maximum. 
  Wall 
  plasters 
  

   and 
  cement 
  plasters 
  are 
  made 
  from 
  plaster 
  of 
  paris 
  by 
  addition 
  

   of 
  some 
  organic 
  or 
  mineral 
  substance 
  which 
  serves 
  to 
  retard 
  the 
  

   setting 
  process. 
  Wall 
  plasters 
  may 
  also 
  contain 
  some 
  fiber, 
  such 
  

   as 
  hair, 
  fibrous 
  talc, 
  or 
  a 
  wood 
  fiber 
  made 
  from 
  basswood 
  or 
  wil- 
  

   low. 
  A 
  product 
  known 
  as 
  wall 
  board 
  consists 
  of 
  layers 
  of 
  paper 
  

   cemented 
  with 
  plaster 
  of 
  paris, 
  forming 
  thin 
  sheets 
  which 
  can 
  be 
  

   nailed 
  to 
  the 
  studding 
  and 
  joists 
  of 
  buildings 
  in 
  the 
  place 
  of 
  lath 
  

   and 
  which 
  are 
  then 
  covered 
  with 
  a 
  coat 
  of 
  plaster. 
  

  

  The 
  manufacture 
  of 
  gypsum 
  products 
  is 
  carried 
  on 
  in 
  the 
  State 
  

   by 
  other 
  than 
  the 
  producing 
  companies, 
  and 
  there 
  are 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  

   plants 
  that 
  make 
  wall 
  plaster, 
  etc. 
  from 
  gypsum 
  purchased 
  from 
  

   the 
  local 
  mines 
  or 
  imported. 
  The 
  imported 
  gypsum 
  comes 
  mostly 
  

   from 
  Nova 
  Scotia. 
  No 
  attempt 
  to 
  secure 
  information 
  of 
  such 
  oper- 
  

   ations 
  has 
  been 
  made 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  this 
  report. 
  

  

  The 
  mining 
  companies 
  who 
  are 
  engaged 
  in 
  the 
  calcined 
  plaster 
  

   trade 
  have 
  plants 
  in 
  Syracuse 
  and 
  vicinity; 
  at 
  Wheatland 
  and 
  

   Garbutt, 
  Monroe 
  co. 
  ; 
  Oakfield, 
  Genesee 
  co. 
  ; 
  and 
  Akron, 
  Erie 
  co. 
  

  

  Production 
  and 
  trade. 
  The 
  market 
  conditions 
  last 
  year 
  were 
  

   rather 
  poor, 
  with 
  a 
  recession 
  in 
  both 
  demand 
  and 
  prices. 
  The 
  de- 
  

   crease 
  in 
  Portland 
  cement 
  production 
  afifected 
  the 
  trade 
  to 
  some 
  

   extent, 
  while 
  the 
  falling 
  off 
  in 
  building 
  operations 
  was 
  an 
  adverse 
  

   factor 
  in 
  the 
  calcmed 
  plaster 
  industry. 
  However, 
  the 
  production 
  

   of 
  crude 
  gypsum 
  showed 
  only 
  a 
  small 
  loss 
  as 
  compared 
  with 
  the 
  

   record 
  output 
  of 
  1907. 
  The 
  total 
  reported 
  by 
  the 
  mining 
  com- 
  

   panies 
  was 
  318,046 
  short 
  tons 
  against 
  323,323 
  short 
  tons 
  in 
  1907, 
  

   a 
  decrease 
  of 
  5277 
  tons, 
  or 
  less 
  than 
  2 
  per 
  cent 
  for 
  the 
  year. 
  The 
  

  

  