﻿38 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  A 
  detailed 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  Clinton 
  ores 
  and 
  their 
  local 
  occurrence 
  

   was 
  published 
  in 
  1908 
  by 
  the 
  New 
  York 
  State 
  Museum.^ 
  The 
  

   resources 
  in 
  these 
  ores 
  were 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  very 
  large, 
  the 
  estimated 
  

   quantity 
  available 
  in 
  the 
  three 
  principal 
  areas 
  taking 
  into 
  account 
  

   only 
  seams 
  above 
  18 
  inches 
  thick 
  and 
  within 
  500 
  feet 
  from 
  the 
  sur- 
  

   face 
  reaching 
  600,000,000 
  tons. 
  Though, 
  of 
  course, 
  much 
  of 
  this 
  

   will 
  not 
  be 
  commercially 
  mineable 
  for 
  a 
  long 
  time 
  to 
  come, 
  yet 
  

   there 
  are 
  large 
  quantities 
  so 
  situated 
  as 
  to 
  permit 
  extraction 
  at 
  

   a 
  comparatively 
  low 
  cost. 
  

  

  MILLSTONES 
  

  

  The 
  production 
  of 
  millstones, 
  although 
  much 
  smaller 
  than 
  for- 
  

   merly, 
  is 
  still 
  an 
  important 
  industry 
  in 
  certain 
  sections 
  of 
  Ulster 
  

   county. 
  This 
  area 
  furnishes 
  nearly 
  all 
  of 
  the 
  millstones 
  produced 
  

   in 
  the 
  United 
  States, 
  the 
  other 
  producing 
  states 
  being 
  Pennsylvania, 
  

   Virginia 
  and 
  North 
  Carolina. 
  In 
  addition 
  to 
  the 
  domestic 
  supply 
  

   a 
  large 
  number 
  of 
  millstones 
  and 
  buhrstones 
  are 
  annually 
  imported 
  

   from 
  France 
  and 
  other 
  European 
  countries. 
  

  

  The 
  New 
  York 
  stone 
  is 
  known 
  as 
  Esopus 
  stone, 
  a 
  name 
  derived 
  

   from 
  a 
  -former 
  name 
  for 
  Kingston, 
  which 
  was 
  an 
  important 
  ship- 
  

   ping 
  point. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  firm 
  white 
  conglomerate 
  varying 
  in 
  fineness 
  

   from 
  that 
  of 
  a 
  coarse 
  sandstone 
  to 
  a 
  coarse 
  conglomerate 
  with 
  

   some 
  pebbles 
  2 
  inches 
  in 
  diameter. 
  It 
  is 
  composed 
  of 
  partially 
  

   rounded 
  whitish 
  quartz 
  pebbles 
  in 
  a 
  silicious 
  matrix. 
  The 
  stone 
  

   is 
  obtained 
  from 
  certain 
  beds 
  of 
  Shawangunk 
  grit, 
  a 
  rock 
  lying 
  

   unconformably 
  upon 
  the 
  Hudson 
  River 
  shales 
  and 
  formerly 
  cor- 
  

   related 
  with 
  the 
  Oneida 
  conglomerate, 
  but 
  now 
  known 
  to 
  lie 
  in 
  

   the 
  horizon 
  of 
  the 
  Salina. 
  Its 
  thickness 
  varies 
  from 
  50 
  to 
  200 
  feet. 
  

  

  The 
  quarrying 
  operations 
  are 
  carried 
  on 
  along 
  the 
  northern 
  

   border 
  of 
  the 
  Shawangunk 
  mountain, 
  in 
  Rochester 
  and 
  Wawarsing 
  

   townships, 
  Ulster 
  co., 
  mainly 
  along 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  the 
  New 
  York, 
  On- 
  

   tario 
  and 
  Western 
  Railroad 
  at 
  Wawarsing, 
  Kerhonkson, 
  Accord, 
  

   Kyserike, 
  Granite, 
  St 
  Josen 
  and 
  AUigerville, 
  while 
  New 
  Paltz 
  and 
  

   Kingston 
  also 
  are 
  shipping 
  points. 
  

  

  Quarrying 
  is 
  carried 
  on 
  with 
  but 
  a 
  small 
  equipment, 
  the 
  stone 
  

   being 
  worked 
  out 
  by 
  hand 
  bars, 
  wedges 
  and 
  sometimes 
  with 
  the 
  

   use 
  of 
  powder. 
  It 
  is 
  dressed 
  by 
  hand 
  at 
  the 
  quarry 
  into 
  millstones 
  

   and 
  chasers. 
  The 
  millstones 
  are 
  dressed 
  into 
  stones 
  varying 
  in 
  

  

  1 
  Iron 
  Ores 
  of 
  the 
  Clinton 
  Formation 
  in 
  New 
  York 
  State, 
  by 
  D. 
  H. 
  

   Newland 
  & 
  C. 
  A. 
  Hartnagel. 
  N. 
  Y. 
  State 
  Mus. 
  Bui. 
  123. 
  

  

  