﻿THE 
  MINING 
  AND 
  QUARRY 
  INDUSTRY 
  I908 
  4I 
  

  

  valuable 
  for 
  medicinal 
  purposes; 
  Saratoga 
  Springs, 
  Ballston 
  

   Springs, 
  Richfield 
  Springs 
  and 
  Lebanon 
  Springs 
  are 
  among 
  the 
  

   more 
  noted 
  localities 
  for 
  such 
  waters. 
  Numerous 
  other 
  springs 
  

   are 
  more 
  particularly 
  adapted 
  for 
  table 
  use, 
  containing 
  only 
  suffi- 
  

   cient 
  mineral 
  matter 
  perhaps 
  to 
  give 
  them 
  a 
  pleasantly 
  saline 
  taste. 
  

   Both 
  kinds 
  of 
  waters 
  are 
  generally 
  carbonated 
  and 
  sold 
  in 
  small 
  

   bottles. 
  

  

  Of 
  late 
  there 
  has 
  developed 
  an 
  important 
  business 
  in 
  the 
  sale 
  

   of 
  spring 
  waters 
  which 
  can 
  hardly 
  be 
  classed 
  as 
  mineral 
  in 
  the 
  

   common 
  acceptance 
  of 
  the 
  word, 
  but 
  which 
  are 
  extensively 
  con- 
  

   sumed 
  for 
  office 
  and 
  family 
  use 
  in 
  the 
  larger 
  towns 
  and 
  cities. 
  

   Their 
  employment 
  depends 
  upon 
  their 
  freedom 
  from 
  harmful 
  im- 
  

   purities, 
  in 
  which 
  feature 
  they 
  are 
  generally 
  superior 
  to 
  the 
  local 
  

   supplies. 
  In 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  such 
  waters 
  are 
  an 
  article 
  of 
  commerce 
  they 
  

   may 
  well 
  be 
  included 
  in 
  a 
  canvass 
  of 
  the 
  mineral 
  water 
  industry. 
  

   They 
  are 
  distributed 
  usually 
  in 
  large 
  bottles 
  or 
  carboys 
  in 
  noncar- 
  

   bonated 
  condition. 
  

  

  Character 
  of 
  mineral 
  waters. 
  Among 
  the 
  spring 
  w^aters 
  that 
  

   contain 
  mineral 
  ingredients 
  in 
  appreciable 
  quantity 
  those 
  character- 
  

   ized 
  by 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  alkalis 
  and 
  alkahne 
  earths 
  are 
  the 
  most 
  

   abundant 
  in 
  this 
  State. 
  The 
  dissolved 
  bases 
  may 
  exist 
  in 
  associa- 
  

   tion 
  with 
  chlorin 
  and 
  carbon 
  dioxid, 
  as 
  is 
  the 
  case 
  with 
  the 
  springs 
  

   of 
  Saratoga 
  county, 
  or 
  they 
  may 
  be 
  associated 
  chiefly 
  with 
  sulfuric 
  

   acid 
  as 
  illustrated 
  by 
  the 
  Sharon 
  and 
  Clifton 
  springs. 
  

  

  The 
  mineral 
  waters 
  of 
  Saratoga 
  Springs 
  and 
  Ballston 
  are 
  found 
  

   along 
  fractured 
  zones 
  in 
  Lower 
  Siluric 
  strata, 
  the 
  reservoirs 
  occur- 
  

   ring 
  usually 
  in 
  the 
  Trenton 
  limestone. 
  They 
  are 
  accompanied 
  by 
  

   free 
  carbon 
  dioxid, 
  which 
  together 
  with 
  chlorin, 
  sodium, 
  potassium, 
  

   calcium 
  and 
  magnesium, 
  exists 
  also 
  in 
  dissolved 
  condition. 
  The 
  

   amount 
  of 
  solid 
  constituents 
  in 
  the 
  different 
  waters 
  varies 
  from 
  

   less 
  than 
  lOO 
  to 
  over 
  500 
  grains 
  per 
  gallon. 
  Large 
  quantities 
  of 
  

   table 
  and 
  medicinal 
  waters 
  are 
  bottled 
  at 
  the 
  springs 
  for 
  shipment 
  

   to 
  all 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  country. 
  The 
  carbon 
  dioxid 
  which 
  issues 
  from 
  

   the 
  wells 
  at 
  Saratoga 
  is 
  likewise 
  an 
  important 
  article 
  of 
  commerce. 
  

  

  The 
  waters 
  at 
  Richfield 
  Springs 
  contain 
  the 
  elements 
  of 
  the 
  

   alkali 
  and 
  alkaline 
  earth 
  groups 
  together 
  with 
  sulfuric 
  acid 
  and 
  

   smaller 
  amounts 
  of 
  chlorin, 
  carbon 
  dioxid 
  and 
  sulfureted 
  hydrogen. 
  

   They 
  are 
  employed 
  for 
  medicinal 
  baths 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  for 
  drinkmg 
  

   purposes. 
  The 
  springs 
  issue 
  along 
  the 
  contact 
  of 
  Siluric 
  limestone 
  

   and 
  Devonic 
  shales. 
  Sharon 
  Springs 
  is 
  situated 
  to 
  the 
  east 
  of 
  

   Richfield 
  Springs 
  and 
  near 
  the 
  contact 
  of 
  the 
  Lower 
  and 
  Upper 
  

  

  