﻿42 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  Siluric. 
  Clifton 
  Springs, 
  Ontario 
  co. 
  and 
  Massena 
  Springs, 
  St 
  

   Lawrence 
  co. 
  are 
  among 
  the 
  localities 
  where 
  sulfureted 
  waters 
  oc- 
  

   cur 
  and 
  are 
  utilized. 
  

  

  The 
  Oak 
  Orchard 
  springs 
  in 
  the 
  town 
  of 
  Byron, 
  Genesee 
  co. 
  

   are 
  noteworthy 
  for 
  their 
  acid 
  waters 
  which 
  contain 
  a 
  considerable 
  

   proportion 
  of 
  aluminum, 
  iron 
  calcium 
  and 
  magnesium, 
  besides 
  free 
  

   sulfuric 
  acid. 
  

  

  The 
  Lebanon 
  spring, 
  Columbia 
  co. 
  is 
  the 
  single 
  representative 
  in 
  

   the 
  State 
  of 
  the 
  class 
  of 
  thermal 
  springs. 
  It 
  has 
  a 
  temperature 
  of 
  

   75° 
  F. 
  and 
  is 
  slightly 
  charged 
  with 
  carbon 
  dioxid 
  and 
  nitrogen. 
  

  

  Ordinary 
  spring 
  waters. 
  The 
  greater 
  quantity 
  of 
  spring 
  

   waters 
  consumed 
  in 
  the 
  State 
  belongs 
  to 
  the 
  nonmedicinal, 
  non- 
  

   carbonated 
  class, 
  represented 
  by 
  such 
  springs 
  as 
  the 
  Great 
  Bear, 
  

   Deep 
  Rock, 
  Mount 
  View, 
  Sun 
  Ray, 
  Chemung 
  etc. 
  The 
  waters 
  

   are 
  obtained 
  either 
  from 
  flowing 
  springs 
  or 
  from 
  artesian 
  wells 
  and 
  

   are 
  shipped 
  in 
  carboys 
  or 
  in 
  tank 
  cars 
  to 
  the 
  principal 
  cities 
  where 
  

   they 
  are 
  bottled 
  and 
  distributed 
  by 
  wagons 
  among 
  the 
  consumers. 
  

   The 
  essential 
  feature 
  of 
  such 
  waters 
  is 
  their 
  freedom 
  from 
  noxious 
  

   impurities. 
  This 
  is 
  generally 
  safeguarded 
  by 
  the 
  care 
  exercised 
  in 
  

   the 
  handling 
  of 
  the 
  waters 
  which 
  are 
  also 
  regularly 
  examined 
  in 
  

   chemical 
  and 
  bacteriological 
  laboratories. 
  

  

  Carbon 
  dioxid. 
  Besides 
  the 
  sale 
  of 
  mineral 
  waters, 
  an 
  extensive 
  

   industry 
  has 
  been 
  developed 
  in 
  the 
  State 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  carbon 
  

   dioxid 
  which 
  is 
  given 
  off 
  by 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  springs. 
  The 
  collection, 
  

   storage 
  and 
  shipment 
  of 
  the 
  gas 
  for 
  use 
  in 
  making 
  carbonated 
  

   beverages 
  and 
  for 
  other 
  purposes 
  have 
  received 
  attention 
  at 
  Sara- 
  

   toga 
  Springs, 
  where 
  the 
  industry 
  has 
  become 
  of 
  greater 
  importance 
  

   even, 
  as 
  regards 
  the 
  value 
  of 
  the 
  output, 
  than 
  the 
  trade 
  in 
  the 
  

   mineral 
  waters 
  themselves. 
  Over 
  30 
  wells 
  have 
  been 
  driven 
  in 
  

   that 
  vicinity 
  for 
  gas 
  alone. 
  The 
  carbon 
  dioxid 
  is 
  pumped 
  to 
  the 
  

   surface 
  together 
  with 
  the 
  water, 
  separated 
  from 
  the 
  latter 
  at 
  the 
  

   well 
  and 
  then 
  conveyed 
  to 
  gas 
  holders, 
  similar 
  to 
  those 
  used 
  by 
  

   municipal 
  gas 
  plants, 
  where 
  it 
  is 
  stored 
  preparatory 
  to 
  charging 
  

   into 
  cylinders. 
  The 
  cylinders 
  are 
  made 
  to 
  withstand 
  the 
  heavy 
  

   pressure 
  necessary 
  to 
  liquefy 
  the 
  gas 
  and 
  are 
  of 
  two 
  sizes, 
  the 
  

   smaller 
  holding 
  about 
  25 
  pounds 
  and 
  the 
  larger 
  from 
  40 
  to 
  50 
  

   pounds. 
  The 
  principal 
  producers 
  are 
  the 
  New 
  York 
  Carbonic 
  

   Acid 
  Gas 
  Co., 
  the 
  Lincoln 
  Spring 
  Co. 
  and 
  the 
  Natural 
  Carbonic 
  

   Gas 
  Co. 
  The 
  gas 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  be 
  superior 
  to 
  that 
  produced 
  by 
  the 
  

   calcination 
  of 
  magnesite 
  or 
  other 
  artificial 
  methods. 
  

  

  List 
  of 
  springs. 
  The 
  following 
  list 
  includes 
  the 
  names 
  and 
  

  

  