﻿56 
  

  

  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  Production 
  of 
  salt 
  in 
  New 
  York 
  since 
  1884 
  

  

  BARRELS 
  

  

  VALUE 
  

  

  I«84 
  

   1885 
  

   1886 
  

   1887 
  

   1888 
  

   1889 
  

   1890 
  

   189I 
  

   1892 
  

  

  1893 
  

   1894 
  

  

  189s 
  

   1896 
  

   1897 
  

   1898 
  

   1899 
  

   1900 
  

   I90I 
  

   1902 
  

   1903 
  

   1904 
  

  

  1905 
  

   1906 
  

   1907 
  

   1908 
  

  

  788 
  454 
  

   304 
  787 
  

  

  431 
  

   353 
  

   318 
  

  

  563 
  

   560 
  

  

  483 
  

  

  273 
  007 
  

   532 
  036 
  

   839 
  544 
  

   472 
  073 
  

   662 
  074 
  

   270 
  588 
  

   832 
  331 
  

   069 
  040 
  

   805 
  854 
  

   791 
  798 
  

   489 
  105 
  

   897 
  071 
  

   286 
  320 
  

  

  523 
  389 
  

  

  170 
  648 
  

  

  8 
  724 
  768 
  

  

  8 
  575 
  649 
  

  

  9 
  013 
  993 
  

   9 
  657 
  543 
  

   9 
  005 
  311 
  

  

  $705 
  978 
  

  

  874 
  258 
  

  

  243 
  721 
  

  

  936 
  894 
  

  

  130 
  409 
  

   136 
  503 
  

   266 
  018 
  

   340 
  036 
  

   662 
  816 
  

   870 
  084 
  

   999 
  146 
  

   943 
  398 
  

   896 
  681 
  

   948 
  759 
  

   369 
  323 
  

   540 
  426 
  

   171 
  418 
  

   089 
  834 
  

  

  938 
  539 
  

  

  007 
  807 
  

  

  102 
  748 
  

  

  303 
  067 
  

  

  131 
  650 
  

   449 
  178 
  

   136 
  736 
  

  

  SAND 
  AND 
  GRAVEL 
  

  

  BY 
  HENRY 
  LEIGHTON 
  

  

  The 
  sand 
  industry 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  New 
  York 
  State's 
  large 
  mineral 
  in- 
  

   dustries 
  and 
  deserves 
  recognition 
  in 
  a 
  statistical 
  summary 
  of 
  mining 
  

   and 
  quarry 
  operations. 
  It 
  can 
  best 
  be 
  discussed 
  by 
  dividing 
  it 
  into 
  

   its 
  various 
  branches. 
  

  

  Molding 
  sand. 
  One 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  important 
  uses 
  of 
  sand 
  is 
  in 
  

   the 
  casting 
  of 
  the 
  metals 
  — 
  brass, 
  iron, 
  steel 
  etc. 
  — 
  the 
  sand 
  being 
  

   used 
  in 
  forming 
  the 
  mold 
  around 
  which, 
  or 
  into 
  which, 
  the 
  molten 
  

   metal 
  is 
  poured 
  and 
  allowed 
  to 
  cool. 
  

  

  Owing 
  to 
  the 
  various 
  metals 
  used, 
  the 
  variations 
  in 
  size, 
  shape 
  

   and 
  complexity 
  of 
  the 
  castings, 
  and 
  to 
  the 
  various 
  methods 
  in 
  use 
  

   by 
  foundrymen, 
  it 
  is 
  impossible 
  to 
  define 
  in 
  a 
  general 
  way 
  the 
  

   characters 
  of 
  a 
  molding 
  sand. 
  All 
  kinds 
  of 
  sand 
  are 
  used, 
  both 
  

   singly 
  and 
  in 
  admixture 
  with 
  other 
  sands, 
  clays, 
  glues, 
  molasses 
  

   etc., 
  each 
  serving 
  for 
  a 
  distinct 
  variety 
  of 
  casting. 
  

  

  