﻿THE 
  MIXING 
  AND 
  QUARRY 
  INDUSTRY 
  IQoS 
  59 
  

  

  thick 
  over 
  i 
  acre 
  yields 
  approximately 
  1200 
  tons. 
  The 
  finer 
  grades 
  

   of 
  sand 
  usually 
  occur 
  in 
  the 
  thinner 
  beds. 
  As 
  a 
  rule, 
  beds 
  under 
  

   8 
  inches 
  in 
  thickness 
  are 
  not 
  taken 
  out. 
  The 
  dealers 
  generally 
  buy 
  

   the 
  sand 
  rights 
  of 
  an 
  area 
  from 
  the 
  owner, 
  paying 
  him 
  $75 
  to 
  $800 
  

   per 
  acre 
  for 
  the 
  privilege 
  of 
  removing 
  the 
  sand, 
  the 
  work 
  being 
  

   done 
  by 
  men 
  acquainted 
  with 
  the 
  various 
  grades 
  and 
  their 
  value. 
  

   After 
  the 
  sand 
  has 
  been 
  removed 
  and 
  the 
  soil 
  or 
  sod 
  replaced 
  the 
  

   farm 
  is 
  as 
  well 
  suited 
  for 
  agricultural 
  purposes 
  as 
  before. 
  

  

  Scattered 
  throughout 
  the 
  rest 
  of 
  the 
  State 
  are 
  numerous 
  sand 
  

   beds 
  which 
  are 
  being 
  worked 
  for 
  molding 
  sand 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  for 
  

   building 
  sand. 
  They 
  are 
  mainly 
  Quaternary 
  sands 
  deposited 
  in 
  

   isolated 
  patches 
  by 
  the 
  action 
  of 
  glacial 
  waters 
  during 
  the 
  glacial 
  

   period. 
  Returns 
  have 
  been 
  received 
  from 
  Erie, 
  Livingston, 
  Cayuga, 
  

   Niagara 
  and 
  Oneida 
  counties, 
  the 
  latter 
  two 
  counties 
  producing 
  

   only 
  core 
  sand. 
  

  

  Near 
  Poughkeepsie 
  at 
  one 
  time 
  a 
  residual 
  sand 
  overlying 
  a 
  

   Potsdam 
  limestone 
  was 
  quarried 
  and 
  used 
  as 
  a 
  molding 
  sand.^ 
  

  

  The 
  large 
  railroad 
  foundries 
  at 
  Dunkirk 
  and 
  Depew 
  are 
  largely 
  

   supplied 
  with 
  molding 
  sand 
  from 
  Erie 
  county. 
  

  

  The 
  statistics 
  gathered 
  from 
  the 
  molding 
  sand 
  producers, 
  

   although 
  not 
  complete, 
  indicate 
  in 
  a 
  general 
  way 
  the 
  importance 
  of 
  

   the 
  industry, 
  the 
  total 
  production 
  for 
  last 
  year 
  being 
  312,819 
  short 
  

   tons 
  valued 
  at 
  $277,290. 
  Comparing 
  this 
  with 
  the 
  production 
  in 
  

   1907 
  (693,293 
  short 
  tons 
  valued 
  at 
  $539,674) 
  as 
  given 
  by 
  the 
  

   United 
  States 
  Geological 
  Survey 
  we 
  note 
  a 
  decided 
  falling 
  off. 
  

   This 
  is 
  probably 
  due, 
  however, 
  to 
  the 
  sluggishness 
  of 
  all 
  iron 
  and 
  

   steel 
  work 
  during 
  the 
  year. 
  Of 
  the 
  total 
  amount 
  the 
  Hudson 
  river 
  

   region 
  contributed 
  299,320 
  tons 
  valued 
  at 
  $270,145. 
  From 
  counties 
  

   outside 
  of 
  this 
  area 
  returns 
  are 
  incomplete, 
  the 
  production 
  in 
  Erie 
  

   county 
  and 
  vicinity 
  being 
  of 
  much 
  greater 
  importance 
  than 
  the 
  

   returns 
  would 
  indicate. 
  

  

  Core 
  sand 
  used 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  molding 
  sand 
  is 
  obtained 
  at 
  

   scattered 
  localities, 
  the 
  county 
  showing 
  the 
  largest 
  production 
  being 
  

   Oneida. 
  The 
  total 
  production 
  of 
  the 
  State 
  was 
  2"/, 
  624 
  short 
  tons 
  

   valued 
  at 
  $22,371. 
  

  

  Glass 
  sand. 
  The 
  use 
  of 
  sand 
  in 
  the 
  manufacture 
  of 
  glass 
  is 
  an 
  

   important 
  feature 
  of 
  the 
  sand 
  trade, 
  and 
  sand 
  suitable 
  for 
  such 
  a 
  

   purpose 
  is 
  of 
  high 
  value. 
  

  

  Glass 
  sand 
  is 
  obtained 
  either 
  from 
  deposits 
  of 
  unconsolidated 
  

   silicious 
  sand 
  of 
  exceptional 
  purity 
  or 
  from 
  sandstones 
  and 
  quartz- 
  

   ites, 
  which 
  have 
  to 
  be 
  crushed. 
  

  

  1 
  Merrill. 
  N. 
  Y. 
  State 
  Mus. 
  Bui. 
  19. 
  1898. 
  p. 
  225. 
  

  

  