﻿FIFTH 
  REPORT 
  OF 
  THE 
  DIRECTOR 
  I908 
  69 
  

  

  Savage 
  man 
  thought 
  more 
  of 
  holding 
  the 
  favor 
  of 
  animals 
  than 
  

   he 
  did 
  the 
  good 
  will 
  of 
  men 
  in 
  other 
  communities 
  than 
  his 
  own 
  

   and 
  for 
  this 
  reason 
  was 
  in 
  certain 
  things 
  more 
  considerate 
  of 
  

   beasts 
  than 
  men. 
  He 
  could 
  slaughter 
  whole 
  tribes 
  of 
  men 
  but 
  

   unless 
  certain 
  animals 
  were 
  regarded 
  as 
  especially 
  " 
  bad 
  medicine 
  " 
  

   he 
  did 
  not 
  dare 
  ruthlessly 
  to 
  kill 
  them. 
  Some 
  animals 
  were 
  re- 
  

   puted 
  more 
  wise 
  than 
  others 
  and 
  came 
  to 
  be 
  looked 
  upon 
  as 
  

   ** 
  medicine 
  animals." 
  Such 
  were 
  thought 
  to 
  be 
  able 
  to 
  protect 
  maa 
  

   from 
  the 
  dangers 
  of 
  the 
  elements, 
  from 
  accidents, 
  and 
  from 
  dis- 
  

   eases. 
  In 
  order 
  to 
  keep 
  the 
  favor 
  of 
  these 
  animals 
  it 
  was 
  neces— 
  

   sary 
  to 
  perform 
  certain 
  rites 
  and 
  offer 
  gifts. 
  Since 
  it 
  was 
  neces- 
  

   sary 
  to 
  kill 
  these 
  medicine 
  animals 
  for 
  food 
  and 
  for 
  clothing 
  there 
  

   were 
  ceremonies 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  permission 
  of 
  the 
  animal 
  was 
  first 
  

   sought 
  before 
  it 
  was 
  killed 
  and 
  afterward 
  ceremonies 
  of 
  expiation 
  

  

  These 
  primitive 
  rites, 
  ceremonies 
  and 
  customs 
  have 
  been 
  held 
  

   by 
  the 
  American 
  aborigines 
  for 
  ages 
  and 
  even 
  when 
  tribes 
  became 
  

   in 
  a 
  degree 
  civilized 
  they 
  were 
  loath 
  to 
  abandon 
  them. 
  The 
  

   Iroquois 
  who 
  have 
  had 
  three 
  centuries 
  of 
  contact 
  with 
  the 
  white 
  

   man 
  still 
  cling 
  to 
  these 
  ideas 
  and 
  among 
  the 
  Seneca-Iroquois 
  of 
  

   today 
  there 
  exist 
  several 
  " 
  animal 
  societies." 
  Each 
  has 
  a 
  well 
  pre- 
  

   served 
  legend 
  setting 
  forth 
  its 
  origin. 
  Among 
  the 
  Senecas, 
  who 
  

   cling 
  to 
  their 
  early 
  beliefs, 
  sickness 
  and 
  ill 
  luck, 
  famine 
  and 
  catas- 
  

   trophies 
  of 
  nature 
  are 
  supposed 
  to 
  be 
  caused 
  b}-* 
  witches, 
  evil 
  spirits 
  

   or 
  angry 
  " 
  medicine 
  animals." 
  Witches 
  being 
  '' 
  humans 
  " 
  are 
  

   killed 
  when 
  discovered 
  and 
  there 
  are 
  many 
  rites 
  and 
  charms 
  for 
  

   discovering 
  witches 
  and 
  nullifying 
  their 
  machinations. 
  With 
  spirits 
  

   and 
  animals 
  it 
  is 
  otherwise. 
  Societies 
  of 
  remote 
  origin 
  hold 
  form- 
  

   ulas 
  for 
  driving 
  away 
  evil 
  spirits 
  and 
  appeasing 
  the 
  no-tzvai's-hd 
  

   or 
  souls 
  of 
  the 
  dead 
  that 
  are 
  supposed 
  to 
  work 
  evil. 
  Societies 
  

   for 
  preserving 
  the 
  rites 
  necessary 
  to 
  please 
  animals 
  and 
  animal 
  

   spirits 
  rigorously 
  enforce 
  the 
  laws 
  relating 
  to 
  the 
  pacification 
  of 
  

   the 
  " 
  medicine 
  animals 
  " 
  and 
  when 
  the 
  animals 
  are 
  made 
  angry 
  by 
  

   neglect 
  or 
  insult 
  they 
  know 
  the 
  rites 
  necessary 
  to 
  prevent 
  calamity. 
  

   Or, 
  if 
  they 
  neglect 
  the 
  " 
  spirit 
  " 
  to 
  an 
  extreme, 
  and 
  disease, 
  pestil- 
  

   ence, 
  flood, 
  famine 
  or 
  earthquakes 
  result, 
  they 
  are 
  still 
  able 
  to 
  

   restore 
  their 
  good 
  will. 
  

  

  Of 
  these 
  animal 
  societies 
  the 
  following 
  are 
  still 
  existent 
  : 
  the 
  

   Eagle 
  Society, 
  the 
  Otter 
  Company, 
  the 
  le'Mos 
  Company, 
  the 
  

   Pygmy 
  Society, 
  the 
  Buffalo 
  Society 
  and 
  the 
  Bear 
  Society. 
  Other 
  

   ** 
  medicine 
  societies 
  " 
  are 
  the 
  Little 
  Water 
  Company, 
  the 
  O'gi'we 
  

   People, 
  the 
  Singers 
  for 
  the 
  Dead, 
  the 
  False 
  Face 
  Company, 
  and 
  the 
  

   Husk 
  Face 
  Band, 
  and 
  the 
  To-wii'-sas, 
  Sisters 
  of 
  the 
  Dio-he'-ko. 
  

  

  