﻿FIFTH 
  REPORT 
  OF 
  THE 
  DIRECTOR 
  I908 
  II7 
  

  

  pioneers 
  in 
  the 
  United 
  States, 
  had 
  to 
  contend 
  with 
  a 
  woeful 
  lack 
  

   of 
  facilities. 
  As 
  has 
  been 
  said 
  by 
  his 
  biographer, 
  "' 
  He 
  went 
  forth 
  

   with 
  his 
  hammer 
  in 
  hand 
  and 
  his 
  wallet 
  on 
  his 
  shoulder, 
  pursuing 
  

   his 
  researches 
  in 
  every 
  direction, 
  often 
  amid 
  pathless 
  tracts 
  and 
  

   dreary 
  solitudes, 
  until 
  he 
  had 
  crossed 
  and 
  recrossed 
  the 
  Allegheny 
  

   mountains 
  no 
  less 
  than 
  50 
  times. 
  He 
  encountered 
  all 
  the 
  priva- 
  

   tions 
  of 
  hunger, 
  thirst, 
  fatigue 
  and 
  exposure, 
  month 
  after 
  month 
  

   and 
  year 
  after 
  year 
  until 
  his 
  indomitable 
  spirit 
  had 
  conquered 
  every 
  

   difficulty 
  and 
  crowned 
  his 
  enterprise 
  with 
  success." 
  On 
  the 
  map, 
  

   the 
  distribution 
  of 
  the 
  formations 
  in 
  Xew 
  York 
  State 
  is 
  given 
  as 
  

   follows 
  : 
  the 
  Primitive 
  appears 
  as 
  a 
  strip 
  in 
  southeastern 
  Xew 
  

   York: 
  the 
  Transition 
  as 
  a 
  strip 
  northwest 
  of 
  the 
  Primitive 
  extend- 
  

   ing 
  from 
  Hudson 
  southwest 
  to 
  the 
  "State 
  line; 
  the 
  Secondary 
  or 
  

   Floetz, 
  as 
  covering 
  all 
  western 
  and 
  central 
  X'ew 
  York, 
  bounded 
  on 
  

   the 
  northvby 
  the 
  ^Mohawk; 
  the 
  Alluvial 
  on 
  the 
  southern 
  half 
  of 
  

   Long 
  Island. 
  

  

  An 
  interesting 
  fact 
  brought 
  out 
  by 
  McClure's 
  investigations 
  was 
  

   the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  salt 
  springs 
  and 
  gypsum 
  beds 
  in 
  eastern 
  Ten- 
  

   nessee 
  and 
  as 
  far 
  north 
  as 
  Oneida 
  lake, 
  N. 
  Y. 
  He 
  mapped 
  these 
  

   beds 
  in 
  Tennessee 
  only, 
  but 
  says, 
  " 
  it 
  is 
  probable 
  that 
  this 
  formation 
  

   is 
  on 
  the 
  same 
  great 
  scale 
  which 
  is 
  common 
  to 
  all 
  the 
  other 
  forma- 
  

   tions 
  on 
  this 
  continent 
  : 
  at 
  least 
  rational 
  analog}' 
  supports 
  the 
  sup- 
  

   position, 
  and 
  we 
  may 
  hope 
  one 
  day 
  to 
  find, 
  in 
  alnuidance, 
  these 
  two 
  

   most 
  useful 
  substances 
  which 
  are 
  generally 
  found 
  mixed 
  or 
  near 
  

   each 
  other." 
  This 
  indicates 
  the 
  keen 
  insight 
  of 
  this 
  early 
  geologist 
  

   in 
  foreseeing 
  the 
  valuable 
  beds 
  of 
  salt 
  and 
  gypsum 
  discovered 
  since 
  

   then 
  in 
  our 
  Silurian 
  strata. 
  This 
  same 
  map 
  and 
  text 
  was 
  published 
  

   in 
  a 
  French 
  journal 
  in 
  181 
  1 
  and 
  a 
  reprint 
  of 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  

   report 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  National 
  ^Museum 
  (for 
  1904) 
  1906, 
  

   facing 
  page 
  189. 
  

  

  Mr 
  McClure 
  was 
  never 
  satisfied 
  with 
  this 
  map 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  

   the 
  poor 
  base 
  maj) 
  on 
  which 
  he 
  represented 
  his 
  geological 
  features. 
  

   So 
  after 
  traveling 
  in 
  Europe 
  and 
  making 
  further 
  excursions 
  

   throughout 
  the 
  United 
  States, 
  he 
  revised 
  and 
  published 
  it 
  in 
  much 
  

   better 
  shape 
  in 
  1818. 
  Regarding 
  Xew 
  York 
  State 
  he 
  says. 
  '' 
  During 
  

   an 
  excursion 
  last 
  summer 
  an 
  opportunity 
  was 
  afi-'orded 
  of 
  ascer- 
  

   taining 
  and 
  extending 
  the 
  limits 
  of 
  the 
  transition 
  in 
  the 
  states 
  of 
  

   Pennsylvania 
  and 
  X'^ew 
  York, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  boundary 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  

   primitive 
  formation, 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  Mohawk, 
  and 
  fixing 
  the 
  limits 
  

   of 
  the 
  transition 
  on 
  Lake 
  Champlain 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  state 
  of 
  \'ermont 
  

   with 
  more 
  precision." 
  The 
  principal 
  changes 
  on 
  the 
  X>w 
  York 
  

   map 
  are 
  the 
  coloring 
  of 
  a 
  large 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  Adirondacks 
  as 
  

  

  