﻿l62 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  side 
  of 
  the 
  island 
  and 
  in 
  many 
  places 
  the 
  waves 
  have 
  not 
  yet 
  

   succeeded 
  in 
  removing 
  the 
  till. 
  For 
  instance, 
  in 
  Spoon 
  bay, 
  one 
  

   may 
  remove 
  the 
  till 
  and 
  find 
  scratched 
  and 
  polished 
  bed 
  rock 
  

   where 
  the 
  same 
  is 
  covered 
  by 
  water 
  for 
  half 
  the 
  year. 
  Nearly 
  

   vertical 
  clififs 
  rise 
  from 
  these 
  beaches 
  and 
  yet 
  the 
  beach 
  shelf 
  is 
  

   glaciated. 
  Plate 
  6 
  shows 
  the 
  character 
  of 
  the 
  western 
  portion 
  

   of 
  the 
  south 
  cliff. 
  Its 
  upper 
  edges 
  have 
  been 
  rounded 
  by 
  glacial 
  

   action 
  and 
  but 
  few 
  large 
  fragments 
  of 
  the 
  wall 
  have 
  fallen 
  since 
  

   glacial 
  time. 
  The 
  eastern 
  part 
  of 
  this 
  cliff, 
  which 
  is 
  nearly 
  as 
  

   high, 
  has 
  been 
  cut 
  in 
  rocks 
  which 
  dip 
  easterly 
  with 
  sufficient 
  angle 
  

   to 
  expose 
  strata 
  that 
  reached 
  from 
  the 
  very 
  bottom 
  of 
  the 
  Chazy 
  

   beds 
  to 
  near 
  their 
  top. 
  This 
  cliff 
  shows 
  abundant 
  signs 
  of 
  glacia- 
  

   tion 
  and 
  contains 
  one 
  large 
  pothole 
  about 
  half 
  way 
  down 
  its 
  face. 
  

   At 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  this 
  cliff 
  is 
  the 
  wave-cut 
  shelf 
  shown 
  partly 
  exposed 
  

   in 
  plate 
  7. 
  Within 
  a 
  few 
  feet 
  of 
  where 
  the 
  man 
  is 
  holding 
  an 
  

   oar, 
  the 
  waves 
  of 
  the 
  low 
  water 
  level 
  have 
  carried 
  away 
  some 
  

   fallen 
  debris 
  and 
  exposed 
  a 
  bed 
  of 
  glacial 
  till 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  dark, 
  

   washed, 
  Trenton 
  pebbles 
  (still 
  partially 
  embedded) 
  contrast 
  

   strongly 
  with 
  the 
  pale, 
  water-eroded 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  clay. 
  Nearer 
  

   the 
  bank 
  the 
  clay 
  of 
  the 
  till, 
  at 
  least 
  in 
  its 
  upper, 
  portion, 
  is 
  some- 
  

   what 
  interstratified 
  with 
  very 
  fine 
  sands 
  due 
  no 
  doubt 
  to 
  glacial 
  

   drainage 
  over 
  the 
  cliff. 
  Such 
  a 
  drainage 
  is 
  indicated 
  by 
  the 
  pot- 
  

   hole. 
  A 
  top 
  dressing 
  a 
  foot 
  and 
  more 
  thick, 
  consisting 
  of 
  fallen 
  

   fragments 
  from 
  the 
  cliff 
  and 
  heavy, 
  rounded, 
  granitic 
  boulders, 
  

   about 
  half 
  and 
  half, 
  serves 
  to 
  break 
  the 
  force 
  of 
  the 
  waves 
  and 
  

   undertow. 
  The 
  heavier 
  masses 
  are 
  well 
  bedded 
  in 
  a 
  coarse 
  gravel 
  

   which 
  becomes 
  much 
  finer 
  nearer 
  the 
  bottom. 
  The 
  transition 
  from 
  

   the 
  clean, 
  fine, 
  washed 
  gravel 
  to 
  the 
  clay 
  of 
  the 
  till 
  is 
  sharp 
  and 
  

   distinct. 
  ^This 
  till 
  was 
  uncovered 
  and 
  then 
  excavated 
  to 
  the 
  depth 
  

   of 
  2 
  feet 
  in 
  two 
  different 
  places 
  and 
  found 
  to 
  contain 
  only 
  well 
  

   worn, 
  polished, 
  and 
  scratched 
  pebbles. 
  

  

  The 
  wave-cut 
  bench 
  is 
  here 
  more 
  than 
  30 
  meters 
  wide. 
  The 
  

   cliff 
  at 
  the 
  right 
  is 
  of 
  hardest, 
  massive, 
  middle 
  Chazy 
  and 
  on 
  both 
  

   sides 
  of 
  this 
  point 
  streams 
  of 
  glacial 
  till 
  have 
  cut 
  down 
  the 
  weaker 
  

   rocks 
  of 
  the 
  cliff 
  and 
  going 
  seaward 
  lowered 
  the 
  shelf 
  level 
  by 
  

   from 
  2 
  to 
  4 
  feet 
  on 
  both 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  exposed 
  portion 
  shown 
  in 
  

   plate 
  7. 
  Plate 
  8 
  shows 
  a 
  similar 
  shelf 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  level 
  ex- 
  

   tending 
  far 
  to 
  the 
  south 
  and 
  west 
  of 
  Garden 
  island. 
  The 
  man 
  

   in 
  the 
  boat 
  has 
  his 
  oar 
  resting 
  on 
  the 
  rock 
  bottom 
  more 
  than 
  a 
  

   hundred 
  meters 
  aut. 
  Evidences 
  of 
  preglacial 
  wave-cut 
  shelves 
  

  

  