﻿164 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  TYPES 
  OF 
  INLIERS 
  OBSERVED 
  IN 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  

  

  BY 
  RUDOLF 
  RUEDEMANN 
  

  

  The 
  geology 
  of 
  the 
  State 
  of 
  New 
  York 
  is 
  so 
  varied 
  that 
  it 
  fur- 
  

   nishes 
  striking 
  examples 
  of 
  nearly 
  all 
  important 
  geologic 
  phe- 
  

   nomena. 
  It 
  is 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  this 
  paper 
  to 
  direct 
  attention 
  to 
  the 
  

   illustrations 
  found 
  here 
  of 
  a 
  group 
  of 
  such 
  phenomena 
  w^hich 
  

   has 
  hitherto 
  not 
  received 
  the 
  attention 
  it 
  deserves 
  and 
  has 
  there- 
  

   fore 
  been 
  described 
  in 
  a 
  rather 
  loose 
  terminology. 
  These 
  phe- 
  

   nomena 
  are 
  the 
  inliers 
  scattered 
  throughout 
  the 
  State 
  which 
  hate 
  

   been 
  currently 
  described 
  or 
  cited 
  as 
  '' 
  outliers." 
  

  

  The 
  direct 
  occasion 
  oi 
  this 
  note 
  has 
  been 
  the 
  observation 
  of 
  a 
  

   peculiar 
  group 
  of 
  detached 
  outcrops 
  observed 
  by 
  the 
  writer 
  while 
  

   engaged 
  in 
  mapping 
  a 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  Clayton 
  sheet. 
  These 
  were 
  

   found 
  to 
  be 
  of 
  types 
  (produced 
  by 
  corrasion 
  and 
  solution) 
  not 
  

   mentioned 
  in 
  the 
  textbooks. 
  

  

  The 
  term 
  inlier 
  originated 
  in 
  England 
  about 
  50 
  years 
  ago 
  and 
  

   Page 
  in 
  his 
  Handbook 
  of 
  Geologic 
  Terms 
  (1865) 
  defines 
  it 
  thus 
  

   [p. 
  256] 
  : 
  " 
  Inlier, 
  a 
  term 
  introduced 
  by 
  Mr 
  Drew, 
  of 
  the 
  Geologi- 
  

   cal 
  Survey, 
  to 
  express 
  the 
  converse 
  of 
  outlier. 
  It 
  means 
  ... 
  a 
  

   space 
  occupied 
  by 
  one 
  formation 
  which 
  is 
  completely 
  surrounded 
  

   by 
  another 
  that 
  rests 
  upon 
  it." 
  

  

  This 
  original 
  definition 
  is 
  retained 
  in 
  the 
  Century 
  Dictionary, 
  

   while 
  Shaler, 
  in 
  the 
  Standard 
  Dictionary, 
  defines 
  inlier 
  as 
  *'A 
  

   former 
  outlier 
  or 
  uneroded 
  portion 
  of 
  an 
  older 
  rock 
  which, 
  having 
  

   formed 
  an 
  island 
  or 
  an 
  elevation 
  during 
  some 
  later 
  deposit, 
  has 
  

   thus 
  become 
  embedded 
  in 
  a 
  younger 
  rock." 
  This 
  definition 
  takes 
  

   notice. 
  of 
  but 
  one 
  of 
  many 
  possible 
  modes 
  of 
  production 
  of 
  inliers. 
  

  

  If 
  we 
  wish 
  to 
  derive 
  the 
  definition 
  by 
  taking 
  the 
  converse 
  of 
  

   the 
  current 
  one 
  of 
  an 
  outlier 
  [see 
  Geikie, 
  Earth 
  Scidpture] 
  as 
  "A 
  

   detached 
  mass 
  of 
  rock 
  resting 
  upon 
  and 
  surrounded 
  on 
  all 
  sides 
  

   by 
  older 
  rocks 
  " 
  we 
  obtain 
  the 
  following 
  : 
  A 
  detached 
  mass 
  of 
  

   rock 
  surrounded 
  on 
  all 
  sides 
  by 
  younger 
  rocks 
  that 
  rest 
  upon 
  the 
  

   unexposed 
  portions 
  of 
  it. 
  There 
  exist, 
  however, 
  as 
  we 
  shall 
  

   presently 
  see, 
  but 
  a 
  few 
  kinds 
  of 
  inliers 
  that 
  are 
  detached 
  masses, 
  

   while 
  the 
  great 
  majority 
  are 
  continuous 
  with 
  the 
  mother 
  rock. 
  A 
  

   definition 
  which 
  is 
  to 
  embrace 
  all 
  these 
  classes 
  must, 
  therefore, 
  be 
  

   given 
  a 
  wider 
  scope 
  and 
  omit 
  reference 
  to 
  the 
  feature 
  of 
  detach- 
  

   ment. 
  For 
  this 
  reason, 
  the 
  definition 
  which 
  we 
  find 
  in 
  Scott's 
  

  

  