﻿FIFTH 
  REPORT 
  OF 
  THE 
  DIRECTOR 
  I908 
  183 
  

  

  [Geol. 
  Atlas 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States] 
  of 
  an 
  inlier 
  of 
  Carlisle 
  shale 
  (Cre- 
  

   taceous, 
  subdivision 
  of 
  the 
  Benton 
  formation) 
  in 
  the 
  Xiobrara 
  foV- 
  

   mation 
  (shale 
  and 
  limestone) 
  on 
  the 
  crest 
  of 
  the 
  Rock 
  Canyon 
  arch, 
  

   a 
  broad 
  anticlinal 
  fold. 
  A 
  few 
  miles 
  farther 
  north 
  the 
  same 
  arch 
  

   produces 
  at 
  the 
  crossing 
  with 
  the 
  Kansas 
  river 
  an 
  inlier 
  where 
  not 
  

   less 
  than 
  three 
  of 
  the 
  underlying 
  formations 
  are 
  brought 
  to 
  view. 
  

  

  The 
  last 
  inlier 
  mentioned 
  which 
  is 
  causecUby 
  a 
  low, 
  broad 
  and 
  

   long 
  anticline 
  brings 
  us 
  to 
  those 
  anticlines 
  which, 
  being 
  little 
  

   longer 
  than 
  wide, 
  are 
  known 
  as 
  

  

  a 
  Uplifts, 
  parmas 
  and 
  domes. 
  The 
  State 
  of 
  New 
  York 
  does 
  

   not 
  contain 
  any 
  of 
  these 
  structures. 
  For 
  this 
  reason 
  we 
  cite 
  

   only 
  two 
  instances 
  of 
  inliers 
  arising 
  from 
  these 
  structures, 
  one 
  

   representing 
  the 
  smaller 
  domes, 
  and 
  one 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  order. 
  

  

  Kindle 
  ^ 
  has 
  described 
  from 
  northern 
  Indiana, 
  small 
  outcrops 
  

   (about 
  a 
  quarter 
  of 
  a 
  mile 
  is 
  the 
  diameter 
  of 
  one 
  given) 
  of 
  Niag- 
  

   ara 
  limestone 
  which 
  form 
  dome-shaped 
  elevations, 
  possessing 
  

   quaquaversal 
  dips 
  and 
  are 
  surrounded 
  and 
  partly 
  covered 
  by 
  De- 
  

   vonian 
  shales, 
  thus 
  forming 
  inliers 
  of 
  Niagara 
  beds 
  in 
  Devonic 
  

   rocks. 
  These 
  domes 
  are 
  considered 
  by 
  Kindle 
  as 
  analogous 
  to 
  

   the 
  " 
  mud-lumps 
  " 
  at 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  Mississippi. 
  They^ 
  formed 
  

   islands 
  during 
  a 
  large 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  early 
  Devonic 
  and 
  were 
  then 
  

   covered 
  by 
  the 
  Devonic 
  Black 
  shale, 
  thus 
  corresponding 
  in 
  their 
  

   origin 
  partly 
  to 
  our 
  first 
  group 
  of 
  deposition 
  inliers, 
  with 
  the 
  

   difference, 
  however, 
  that 
  the 
  prominences 
  of 
  the 
  sea 
  bottom 
  in 
  

   that 
  group 
  were 
  thought 
  to 
  result 
  merely 
  from 
  erosion. 
  

  

  Domes 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  order 
  are 
  in 
  this 
  country 
  typically 
  repre- 
  

   sented 
  by 
  the 
  Cincinnati 
  and 
  Nashville 
  " 
  uplifts 
  '' 
  {sec 
  text 
  fig. 
  24], 
  

   wdiich 
  have 
  been 
  termed 
  domes, 
  uplifts, 
  a 
  geanticline 
  by 
  Dana 
  and 
  

   designated 
  as 
  a 
  '' 
  parma 
  " 
  by 
  Suess. 
  This 
  broad 
  and 
  low 
  anticline, 
  

   which 
  is 
  a 
  secondary 
  phenomenon 
  in 
  the 
  great 
  Paleozoic 
  mediter- 
  

   ranean 
  basin 
  played 
  an 
  important 
  role 
  during 
  Paleozoic 
  time 
  in 
  

   separating 
  minor 
  basins. 
  It 
  is 
  now 
  recognized 
  by 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  

   Lower 
  Siluric 
  forms 
  two 
  extensive 
  inliers, 
  a 
  northern 
  one, 
  the 
  

   Cincinnati 
  uplift 
  on 
  both 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  middle 
  course 
  of 
  the 
  Ohio, 
  a 
  

   southern 
  one, 
  the 
  Nashville 
  uplift 
  in 
  Tennessee. 
  The 
  latter 
  pre- 
  

   sents 
  in 
  the 
  long, 
  pinnate 
  ofifshoots 
  along 
  the 
  Cumberland 
  and 
  Ten- 
  

   nessee 
  rivers, 
  excellent 
  examples 
  of 
  the 
  paramount 
  influence 
  of 
  

   corrasion 
  in 
  finally 
  exposing 
  the 
  deeper 
  beds. 
  

  

  4 
  Fault 
  inliers. 
  Inliers 
  are 
  prod.uced 
  on 
  the 
  upthrow 
  side 
  of 
  

   faults. 
  Two 
  groups 
  can 
  be 
  distinguished 
  in 
  this 
  class, 
  (a) 
  those 
  

  

  'Kindle, 
  E. 
  M. 
  Am. 
  Jour. 
  Sci. 
  1903. 
  15 
  :459- 
  

  

  