﻿24 
  

  

  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  The 
  typhoid 
  or 
  house 
  fly 
  and 
  disease 
  

  

  Muse 
  a 
  domestic 
  a 
  Linn. 
  

   The 
  house 
  fly 
  is 
  such 
  an 
  extremely 
  common 
  species 
  that 
  de- 
  

   scription 
  appears 
  unnecessary. 
  Dr 
  Howard's 
  investigations 
  sliow 
  

   that 
  fully 
  gSfo 
  of 
  the 
  flies 
  in 
  houses 
  are 
  ordinary 
  house 
  flies. 
  A 
  

   few 
  others 
  are 
  associated 
  with 
  this 
  dominant 
  species. 
  The 
  stable 
  

   fly, 
  Stomoxys 
  calcitrans 
  Linn, 
  may 
  be 
  rather 
  abundant 
  

   about 
  houses 
  in 
  the 
  fall 
  and 
  is 
  responsible 
  for 
  the 
  persistent 
  belief 
  

   tliat 
  under 
  certain 
  conditions 
  the 
  house 
  fly 
  bites. 
  Tnvariably 
  the 
  

   offender 
  is 
  this 
  last 
  named 
  species, 
  a 
  form 
  which 
  presents 
  an 
  ex- 
  

   tremely 
  close 
  general 
  resemblance 
  to 
  the 
  house 
  fly 
  and 
  may 
  be 
  dis- 
  

  

  FiG. 
  II 
  Typhoid 
  or 
  house 
  fly: 
  a, 
  male, 
  seen 
  from 
  above; 
  b, 
  proboscis 
  and 
  palpus 
  frcm 
  

   the 
  side; 
  c, 
  tip 
  of 
  the 
  antenna; 
  d, 
  head 
  of 
  female; 
  e, 
  puparium; 
  f, 
  the 
  anterior 
  breathing- 
  

   pore 
  or 
  spiracle, 
  all 
  enlarged. 
  (After 
  Howard 
  & 
  Marlatt, 
  U. 
  S. 
  Dep't 
  Agric. 
  Div. 
  Ent, 
  

   Bui. 
  4. 
  n. 
  s. 
  1896) 
  

  

  tinguished 
  therefrom 
  at 
  once 
  by 
  its 
  bite. 
  It 
  occurs, 
  as 
  a 
  rule, 
  about 
  

   the 
  stable. 
  Another 
  fly 
  liable 
  to 
  be 
  abundant 
  about 
  houses 
  in 
  the 
  

   fall 
  is 
  the 
  cluster 
  fly, 
  Pollenia 
  rudis 
  Fabr., 
  a 
  species 
  some- 
  

   what 
  larger 
  than 
  the 
  house 
  fly 
  and 
  easily 
  recognized 
  hy 
  the 
  

   yellowish 
  hairs 
  upon 
  the 
  thorax. 
  The 
  small, 
  yellowish 
  fruit 
  fly, 
  

   Drosophila 
  ampelophia 
  Loew, 
  only 
  about 
  % 
  inch 
  

   long, 
  is 
  sometimes 
  rather 
  abundant 
  in 
  houses 
  and 
  is 
  invariably 
  

   found 
  in 
  association 
  with 
  overripe 
  or 
  decaying 
  fruit. 
  These 
  

  

  