﻿32 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  preceding 
  suggestions, 
  will 
  find 
  a 
  large 
  measure 
  of 
  relief 
  from 
  

   the 
  fly 
  nuisance, 
  if 
  the 
  manure 
  is 
  stored 
  in 
  tight, 
  practically 
  fly 
  

   proof 
  cellars, 
  such 
  as 
  can 
  be 
  easily 
  constructed 
  with 
  the 
  modern 
  

   concrete 
  foundation. 
  Flies 
  breed 
  but 
  little 
  in 
  darkness, 
  and 
  the 
  

   writer 
  has 
  known 
  of 
  barns 
  comparatively 
  free 
  from 
  flies, 
  simply 
  

   because 
  the 
  manure 
  was 
  stored 
  in 
  the 
  darker 
  parts 
  of 
  a 
  large 
  

   barn 
  cellar. 
  

  

  The 
  treatment 
  of 
  manure 
  described 
  above 
  should 
  be 
  supple- 
  

   mented 
  by 
  care 
  in 
  preventing 
  the 
  accumulation 
  about 
  the 
  premises, 
  

   c 
  f 
  decaying 
  organic 
  matter 
  such 
  as 
  fruit, 
  table 
  scraps, 
  etc. 
  Swill 
  

   barrels 
  should 
  always 
  be 
  provided 
  with 
  tight 
  covers 
  and 
  care 
  ex- 
  

   ercised 
  that 
  there 
  be 
  no 
  leakage 
  or 
  an 
  accumulation 
  of 
  fly-breeding 
  

   material 
  about 
  the 
  barrel. 
  The 
  old-fashioned 
  box 
  privy 
  should 
  be 
  

   abolished 
  unless 
  the 
  same 
  be 
  conducted 
  on 
  the 
  earth 
  closet 
  prin- 
  

   ciple 
  and 
  the 
  contents 
  kept 
  covered 
  with 
  lime 
  or 
  dry 
  earth, 
  so 
  as 
  

   to 
  prevent 
  both 
  the 
  breeding 
  and 
  infection 
  of 
  flies. 
  The 
  modern 
  

   v/ater-closet 
  is 
  by 
  far 
  the 
  best 
  and 
  safest 
  solution 
  of 
  this 
  last 
  

   named 
  difficulty. 
  The 
  presence 
  of 
  numerous 
  flies 
  about 
  the 
  dwell- 
  

   ing 
  may 
  be 
  construed 
  as 
  indicating 
  a 
  nearby, 
  usually 
  easily 
  elim- 
  

   inated 
  breeding 
  place. 
  

  

  It 
  will 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  practice 
  that 
  some 
  flies 
  are 
  very 
  apt 
  to 
  exist 
  

   in 
  a 
  neighborhood 
  even 
  after 
  the 
  adoption 
  of 
  rigid 
  precautions. 
  

   They 
  should 
  be 
  kept 
  out 
  of 
  houses, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  possible, 
  by 
  the 
  use 
  

   of 
  window 
  and 
  door 
  screens, 
  supplemented 
  by 
  the 
  employment 
  of 
  

   Tanglefoot 
  or 
  other 
  sticky 
  fly 
  paper. 
  This, 
  though 
  somewhat 
  dis- 
  

   agreeable, 
  is 
  much 
  to 
  be 
  preferred 
  to 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  poisonous 
  prep- 
  

   arations 
  which 
  are 
  likely 
  to 
  result 
  in 
  dead 
  flies 
  dropping 
  into 
  

   food. 
  Prof. 
  C. 
  P. 
  Loims'bury, 
  Government 
  Entomologist 
  of 
  South 
  

   Africa, 
  suggests, 
  in 
  addition 
  to 
  the 
  above, 
  putting 
  fresh 
  pyrethrum 
  

   powder 
  upon 
  window 
  sills 
  and 
  supplementing 
  this 
  by 
  the 
  judicious 
  

   use 
  of 
  an 
  insect 
  net. 
  

  

  Bibliography 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  bibliography 
  comprises 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  more 
  import- 
  

   ant 
  literature 
  relating 
  to 
  the 
  life 
  history 
  and 
  habits 
  of 
  the 
  house 
  fly 
  

   and 
  its 
  part 
  in 
  the 
  dissemination 
  of 
  various 
  diseases 
  affecting 
  man. 
  

  

  1869 
  Packard, 
  A. 
  S. 
  Am. 
  Nat. 
  2:638-40 
  

  

  Observations 
  on 
  the 
  anatomy 
  ani 
  life 
  history. 
  

  

  ig73 
  , 
  On 
  the 
  Transformations 
  of 
  the 
  Common 
  House 
  Fly, 
  with 
  

  

  Notes 
  on 
  Allied 
  Forms. 
  Bost. 
  Soc. 
  Nat. 
  Hist. 
  Proc. 
  16:136-50. 
  

  

  A 
  detailed 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  life 
  history 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  anatomy 
  of 
  the 
  early 
  stages, 
  with 
  trief 
  

   notices 
  of 
  allied 
  spscies. 
  

  

  