﻿44 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  tlirough 
  one 
  generation 
  in 
  American 
  caterpillars. 
  The 
  sendings 
  

   from 
  Japan 
  have 
  in 
  addition 
  resulted 
  in 
  the 
  introduction 
  of 
  four 
  

   species 
  of 
  Tachinidae 
  which 
  promise 
  to 
  be 
  very 
  efficient 
  parasites 
  

   of 
  the 
  brown 
  tail 
  moth. 
  Marked 
  improvements 
  have 
  been 
  made 
  

   in 
  methods 
  of 
  handling 
  and 
  rearing 
  parasites 
  and 
  other 
  natural 
  

   enemies. 
  These 
  latter 
  justify 
  the 
  expectation 
  that 
  it 
  will 
  be 
  prac- 
  

   tical 
  to 
  breed 
  thousands 
  of 
  the 
  more 
  effective 
  species 
  prior 
  to 
  their 
  

   being 
  liberated 
  under 
  favorable 
  conditions. 
  This 
  work 
  with 
  para- 
  

   sites 
  may 
  rightly 
  be 
  considered 
  as 
  most 
  important, 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  

   fact 
  that 
  the 
  gipsy 
  moth 
  is 
  now 
  so 
  widely 
  established 
  as 
  to 
  render 
  

   any 
  widespread 
  method 
  of 
  control, 
  aside 
  from 
  that 
  by 
  natural 
  

   enemies, 
  exceedingly 
  costly. 
  

  

  Recent 
  progress 
  in 
  wholesale 
  spraying- 
  for 
  the 
  control 
  of 
  the 
  

   gipsy 
  moth 
  has 
  been 
  most 
  striking 
  and 
  should 
  prove 
  suggestive 
  to 
  

   the 
  fruit 
  grower 
  and 
  immensely 
  helpful 
  to 
  all 
  parties 
  having 
  

   charge 
  of 
  extensive 
  spraying 
  operations 
  such 
  as 
  the 
  control 
  of 
  in- 
  

   sect 
  pests 
  upon 
  shade 
  trees. 
  The 
  capacity 
  ot 
  the 
  ordinary 
  spray-^ 
  

   ing 
  outfit 
  has 
  been 
  greatly 
  increased 
  by 
  replacing 
  the 
  usual 
  6 
  horse 
  

   power 
  gasolene 
  engine 
  weighing 
  some 
  1800 
  pounds, 
  by 
  a 
  10 
  horse 
  

   power 
  engine 
  made 
  especially 
  for 
  automobiles 
  and 
  weighing 
  only 
  

   400 
  pounds. 
  Furthermore, 
  a 
  heavier 
  and 
  more 
  powerful 
  pump 
  has 
  

   been 
  employed, 
  the 
  whole 
  weighing 
  no 
  more 
  than 
  the 
  usual 
  spray- 
  

   ing 
  outfit. 
  The 
  machinery 
  is 
  mounted 
  upon 
  a 
  stout 
  wagon 
  with 
  a 
  

   400 
  gallon 
  tank, 
  and 
  a 
  heavy 
  inch 
  and 
  a 
  half 
  hose 
  some 
  400 
  to 
  

   800 
  feet 
  long, 
  with 
  a 
  smooth 
  one 
  quarter 
  inch 
  nozzle 
  is 
  used 
  for 
  

   work 
  in 
  the 
  woodlands. 
  A 
  pressure 
  of 
  200 
  to 
  250 
  pounds 
  is 
  main- 
  

   tained. 
  The 
  hose 
  is 
  handled 
  much 
  as 
  though 
  a 
  fire 
  was 
  in 
  progress. 
  

   Ten 
  men, 
  at 
  intervals 
  of 
  6 
  or 
  8 
  feet, 
  carry 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  hose, 
  

   the 
  nozzle 
  being 
  ni 
  charge 
  of 
  a 
  superior 
  man 
  with 
  instructions 
  to 
  

   keep 
  it 
  moving 
  all 
  the 
  time. 
  The 
  pressure 
  is 
  sufficient 
  to 
  throw 
  

   the 
  insecticide 
  40 
  or 
  50 
  feet, 
  and 
  the 
  resistance 
  of 
  the 
  air 
  breaks 
  

   it 
  into 
  a 
  fine 
  spray. 
  The 
  foliage 
  is 
  well 
  covered 
  if 
  the 
  nozzle 
  is 
  

   handled 
  inteUigently. 
  This 
  giant 
  outfit 
  is 
  particularly 
  adapted 
  to 
  

   work 
  in 
  woodlands. 
  It 
  usually 
  requires 
  four 
  horses 
  and 
  is 
  capable 
  

   of 
  spraying 
  14 
  to 
  16 
  acres 
  a 
  day, 
  much 
  depending 
  upon 
  conditions. 
  

   The 
  cost 
  of 
  treatment 
  in 
  this 
  manner 
  is 
  reduced 
  to 
  about 
  $10.20 
  

   per 
  acre 
  where 
  the 
  woodland 
  is 
  fairly 
  clear 
  of 
  underbrush. 
  An 
  

   interesting 
  modification 
  of 
  this 
  apparatus 
  has 
  been 
  employed 
  for 
  

   spraying 
  strips 
  along 
  the 
  roadside. 
  It 
  simply 
  consists 
  of 
  a 
  giant 
  

   extension 
  nozzle 
  mounted 
  on 
  a 
  universal 
  joint 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  tip 
  may 
  

   be 
  lifted 
  40 
  or 
  50 
  feet 
  from 
  the 
  ground. 
  This 
  last 
  named 
  appa- 
  

  

  