﻿Report 
  of 
  the 
  state 
  entomologist 
  1908 
  45 
  

  

  ratus, 
  with 
  a 
  favorable 
  wind, 
  can 
  cover 
  a 
  strip 
  400 
  feet 
  wide. 
  

   Contractors 
  with 
  apparatus 
  such 
  as 
  that 
  described 
  above 
  have 
  been 
  

   able 
  to 
  spray 
  woodland 
  where 
  there 
  was 
  little 
  or 
  no 
  underbrush 
  

   and 
  the 
  trees 
  ranging 
  from 
  40 
  to 
  50 
  feet 
  high 
  at 
  $17.50 
  per 
  acre. 
  

   This 
  improved 
  apparatus 
  can 
  also 
  be 
  employed 
  in 
  spraying* 
  street 
  

   trees, 
  a 
  contractor 
  being 
  able 
  to 
  make 
  money 
  therewith 
  at 
  the 
  rate 
  

   of 
  $1 
  to 
  $1.25 
  per 
  tree 
  for 
  spraying 
  large 
  elms. 
  A 
  responsible 
  

   contractor 
  stated 
  that 
  he 
  could 
  ship 
  apparatus 
  and 
  men 
  to 
  a 
  city 
  

   at 
  a 
  considerable 
  distance 
  and 
  treat 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  trees 
  thoroughly 
  

   at 
  less 
  than 
  $2 
  per 
  tree. 
  The 
  above 
  is 
  given 
  since 
  there 
  are 
  numer- 
  

   ous 
  inquiries 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  best 
  method 
  of 
  spraying 
  shade 
  trees 
  and 
  the 
  

   cost 
  of 
  doing 
  such 
  work. 
  

  

  Brov^^n 
  tail 
  moth 
  ( 
  E 
  u 
  p 
  r 
  o 
  c 
  t 
  i 
  s 
  c 
  h 
  r 
  y 
  s 
  o 
  r 
  r 
  h 
  o 
  e 
  a 
  Linn.) 
  . 
  

   The 
  brown 
  tail 
  moth, 
  though 
  widely 
  distributed 
  in 
  Massachusetts, 
  

   seems 
  to 
  have 
  become 
  in 
  the 
  last 
  year 
  or 
  so 
  a 
  pest 
  of 
  much 
  less 
  

   importance 
  than 
  the 
  gipsy 
  moth. 
  Its 
  nests 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  noted 
  here 
  and 
  

   there 
  but 
  as 
  a 
  rule 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  very 
  destructive. 
  Part 
  of 
  the 
  immunity 
  

   from 
  damage 
  may 
  be 
  due 
  to 
  a 
  fungous 
  disease 
  which 
  has 
  destroyed 
  

   millions 
  of 
  the 
  caterpillars, 
  and 
  also 
  to 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  

   hibernating 
  caterpillars 
  were 
  killed 
  by 
  the 
  exceptionally 
  cold 
  weather 
  

   of 
  last 
  winter. 
  There 
  is 
  no 
  record 
  known 
  to 
  us 
  of 
  this 
  insect 
  having 
  

   made 
  its 
  way 
  nearer 
  the 
  New 
  York 
  State 
  line 
  than 
  the 
  Connecticut 
  

   river 
  valley. 
  

  

  Cankerworms. 
  Reports 
  of 
  injuries 
  by 
  these 
  looping 
  caterpillars 
  

   were 
  received 
  from 
  several 
  localities 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  shore 
  of 
  eastern 
  

   Long 
  Island 
  and 
  also 
  from 
  the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  New 
  York 
  city. 
  Speci- 
  

   mens 
  submitted 
  upon 
  examination 
  showed 
  that 
  both 
  the 
  spring 
  

   canker 
  worm, 
  Anisopteryx 
  vernata 
  Peck, 
  and 
  the 
  fall 
  

   cankerworm, 
  A 
  1 
  s 
  o 
  p 
  h 
  i 
  1 
  a 
  p 
  o 
  m 
  e 
  t 
  a 
  r 
  i 
  a 
  Harr., 
  w^re 
  responsi- 
  

   ble 
  for 
  the 
  injury, 
  the 
  last 
  named 
  species, 
  however, 
  being 
  by 
  far 
  the 
  

   more 
  abundant 
  on 
  eastern 
  Long 
  Island 
  and 
  also 
  in 
  certain 
  Con- 
  

   necticut 
  localities. 
  The 
  caterpillars 
  vary 
  greatly 
  in 
  color, 
  ranging 
  

   from 
  light 
  green 
  to 
  almost 
  black, 
  and 
  are 
  usually 
  ornamented 
  with 
  

   several 
  narrow, 
  white 
  lines, 
  some 
  specimens 
  frequently 
  being 
  

   adorned 
  with 
  a 
  broad, 
  dorsal, 
  black 
  stripe 
  margined 
  by 
  white 
  lines 
  

   and 
  with 
  the 
  sides 
  light 
  green, 
  thus 
  presenting 
  an 
  intermediate 
  con- 
  

   dition 
  between 
  the 
  two 
  extremes 
  in 
  color. 
  The 
  spring 
  cankerworm 
  

   may 
  be 
  recognized 
  by 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  but 
  two 
  ])airs 
  of 
  legs 
  at 
  its 
  

   posterior 
  extremity, 
  while 
  the 
  fall 
  cankerworm 
  has 
  three 
  pairs. 
  

   The 
  females 
  of 
  both 
  species 
  are 
  wingless, 
  grayish, 
  grublike 
  moths 
  

   which 
  are 
  obliged 
  to 
  crawl 
  up 
  the 
  tree 
  if 
  they 
  deposit 
  their 
  eggs 
  

  

  