﻿Education 
  Department 
  Bulletin 
  

  

  Published 
  fortnightly 
  by 
  the 
  University 
  of 
  the 
  State 
  of 
  New 
  York 
  

  

  Entered 
  as 
  second-class 
  matter 
  June 
  34. 
  1908, 
  at 
  the 
  Post 
  Office 
  at 
  Albany, 
  N. 
  Y., 
  under 
  

  

  the 
  act 
  of 
  July 
  16, 
  1894 
  

  

  No. 
  463 
  ALBANY, 
  N. 
  Y. 
  January 
  15, 
  1910 
  

  

  New 
  York 
  State 
  Museum 
  

  

  John 
  M. 
  Clarke, 
  Director 
  

   Museum 
  Bulletin 
  135 
  

  

  GEOLOGY 
  OF 
  THE 
  PORT 
  LEYDEN 
  QUADRANGLE, 
  

   LEWIS 
  COUNTY, 
  N. 
  Y. 
  

  

  BY 
  

  

  W. 
  J. 
  MILLER 
  

  

  INTRODUCTION 
  

  

  The 
  Port 
  Leyden, 
  New 
  York, 
  quadrangle 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  

   Geological 
  Survey 
  comprises 
  the 
  region 
  lying 
  along 
  the 
  western 
  

   border 
  of 
  the 
  Adirondack 
  mountains 
  and 
  is 
  included 
  between 
  

   latitude 
  lines 
  43° 
  30' 
  and 
  43° 
  45' 
  north 
  and 
  between 
  longitude 
  

   lines 
  75° 
  15' 
  and 
  75° 
  30' 
  west. 
  The 
  map 
  covers 
  1/16 
  square 
  

   degree 
  or 
  about 
  215 
  square 
  miles 
  of 
  territory, 
  all 
  of 
  which 
  lies 
  

   in 
  Lewis 
  county 
  except 
  a 
  few 
  square 
  miles 
  extending 
  into 
  Oneida 
  

   county 
  at 
  the 
  extreme 
  southeast. 
  The 
  Rome, 
  Watertown 
  and 
  

   Ogdensburg 
  Division 
  of 
  the 
  New 
  York 
  Central 
  Railroad 
  tra- 
  

   verses 
  the 
  region 
  from 
  north 
  to 
  south 
  through 
  the 
  Black 
  river 
  

   valley. 
  Port 
  Leyden, 
  Lyons 
  Falls, 
  Glenfield, 
  Martinsburg, 
  Turin 
  

   and 
  Constableville 
  are 
  the 
  principal 
  villages. 
  

  

  This 
  region, 
  like 
  most 
  others 
  along 
  the 
  border 
  of 
  the 
  Adiron- 
  

   dacks, 
  was 
  at 
  one 
  time 
  a 
  dense 
  forest 
  which 
  has 
  nearly 
  all 
  

   been 
  cut 
  away, 
  leaving 
  only 
  small 
  wooded 
  areas 
  of 
  second 
  

   growth. 
  Next 
  to 
  agriculture, 
  the 
  chief 
  industry 
  is 
  the 
  manu- 
  

   facture 
  of 
  wood 
  pulp 
  and 
  paper, 
  the 
  largest 
  mills 
  being 
  located 
  

   at 
  Lyons 
  Falls, 
  Goulds- 
  Mill, 
  Kosterville, 
  Shuetown, 
  Lyonsdale 
  

   and 
  Port 
  Leyden. 
  The 
  logs 
  used 
  are 
  driven 
  down 
  Moose 
  river. 
  

   A 
  number 
  of 
  small 
  sawmills 
  are 
  still 
  in 
  operation. 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  east 
  side 
  of 
  Black 
  river 
  the 
  soil 
  is 
  nearly 
  always 
  sandy 
  

   and 
  rather 
  unproductive, 
  while 
  on 
  the 
  west 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  river 
  the 
  

   soil 
  is 
  usually 
  rich 
  and 
  supports 
  a 
  prosperous 
  farming 
  com- 
  

   munity. 
  The 
  principal 
  products 
  are 
  milk 
  and 
  cheese. 
  

  

  