﻿GEOLOGY 
  OF 
  THE 
  PORT 
  LEYDEN 
  QUADRANGLE 
  3 
  1 
  

  

  The 
  thickness 
  of 
  the 
  Trenton 
  has 
  been 
  approximately 
  determined 
  

   m 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  places 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  

  

  Feet 
  

  

  Along 
  Moose 
  creek 
  and 
  Sugar 
  river 
  350 
  

  

  Between 
  Port 
  Leyden 
  and 
  Locust 
  Grove 
  370 
  

  

  Along 
  Mill 
  creek 
  400 
  

  

  Along 
  House 
  creek 
  450 
  

  

  Along 
  Roaring 
  brook 
  and 
  Atwater 
  creek 
  475 
  

  

  Thus, 
  in 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  20 
  miles 
  across 
  the 
  map, 
  from 
  south 
  to 
  

   north, 
  the 
  Trenton 
  shows 
  an 
  increase 
  in 
  thickness 
  of 
  something 
  

   like 
  125 
  feet 
  or 
  at 
  the 
  rate 
  of 
  about 
  6 
  feet 
  per 
  mile. 
  Passing 
  south- 
  

   eastwardly 
  along 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  outcrop, 
  the 
  Trenton 
  shows 
  a 
  progress- 
  

   ive 
  thinning. 
  Thus 
  at 
  Remsen 
  it 
  is 
  about 
  300 
  feet 
  ; 
  near 
  Middleville 
  

   200 
  feet; 
  at 
  Ingham 
  Mills 
  100 
  feet; 
  and 
  at 
  Canajoharie 
  only 
  17 
  

   feet. 
  Westward 
  in 
  Oswego 
  county 
  deep 
  wells 
  at 
  Stillwater 
  and 
  

   Central 
  Square 
  show 
  respective 
  thicknesses 
  of 
  670 
  and 
  747 
  feet. 
  

  

  Utica 
  shale 
  

  

  The 
  Utica 
  shale 
  formation 
  shows 
  practically 
  the 
  same 
  character- 
  

   istic 
  features 
  here 
  as 
  it 
  does 
  at 
  its 
  type 
  locality 
  at 
  Utica. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  

   very 
  fine 
  grained, 
  dark 
  gray 
  to 
  black, 
  thin 
  bedded 
  shale. 
  The 
  black 
  

   color 
  is 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  carbonaceous 
  matter 
  which 
  may 
  be 
  

   readily 
  burnt 
  out, 
  although, 
  contrary 
  to 
  a 
  current 
  popular 
  idea, 
  

   nothing 
  like- 
  a 
  workable 
  coal 
  seam 
  occurs 
  within 
  the 
  formation 
  

   Occasionally 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  layers 
  are 
  rather 
  sandy 
  especially 
  toward 
  

   the 
  top. 
  Toward 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  formation 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  layers 
  are 
  

   several 
  inches 
  thick 
  and 
  are 
  frequently 
  calcareous 
  and 
  except 
  for 
  

   this 
  the 
  contact 
  between 
  the 
  Utica 
  and 
  the 
  Trenton 
  is 
  a 
  sharp 
  one. 
  

   Because 
  of 
  the 
  softness 
  of 
  the 
  rock 
  and 
  the 
  character 
  of 
  the 
  out- 
  

   crop, 
  favorable 
  to 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  talus 
  slopes, 
  the 
  actual 
  con- 
  

   tact 
  between 
  the 
  shale 
  and 
  limestone 
  was 
  nowhere 
  observed. 
  Many 
  

   times, 
  however, 
  Trenton 
  beds 
  have 
  been 
  noted 
  in 
  such 
  close 
  prox- 
  

   imity 
  to 
  the 
  shale 
  that 
  the 
  boundary 
  line 
  can 
  be 
  pretty 
  accurately 
  

   drawn. 
  Such 
  observations 
  may 
  be 
  made 
  along 
  Atwater 
  creek 
  or 
  

   Moose 
  creek. 
  

  

  In 
  spite 
  of 
  a 
  considerable 
  thickness 
  its 
  areal 
  extent 
  is 
  rather 
  

   small 
  because 
  it 
  outcrops 
  along 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  steep 
  slope 
  forming 
  

   the 
  eastern 
  fronts 
  of 
  Tug 
  and 
  Mohawk 
  hills. 
  Excellent 
  sections 
  

   are 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  along 
  all 
  of 
  the 
  larger 
  streams 
  which 
  cut 
  across 
  

   this 
  steep 
  slope. 
  Its 
  broadest 
  surface 
  exposure 
  is 
  from 
  Constable- 
  

  

  