﻿GEOLOGY 
  OF 
  THE 
  PORT 
  LEYDEN 
  QUADRANGLE 
  33 
  

  

  Utica 
  shale 
  and 
  the 
  Oswego 
  sandstone, 
  two 
  well 
  marked 
  horizons, 
  

   are 
  described 
  and 
  mapped 
  in 
  this 
  report 
  as 
  Lorraine. 
  

  

  The 
  formation 
  consists 
  chiefly 
  of 
  alternating 
  thin 
  bedded 
  shales 
  

   and 
  sandstones 
  together 
  with 
  some 
  thin 
  layers 
  of 
  limestone. 
  There 
  

   is 
  no 
  sharp 
  line 
  of 
  separation 
  between 
  the 
  Utica 
  and 
  the 
  Lorraine, 
  

   the 
  lowermost 
  shale 
  beds 
  of 
  the 
  Lorraine 
  being 
  in 
  every 
  way 
  like 
  

   those 
  of 
  the 
  Utica. 
  The 
  lower 
  Lorraine, 
  comprising 
  a 
  thickness 
  

   of 
  approximately 
  200 
  feet 
  of 
  shales, 
  is 
  not 
  very 
  fossiliferous 
  and 
  

   contains 
  occasional 
  thin 
  beds 
  of 
  fine 
  grained 
  sandstone. 
  Among 
  the 
  

   fossils 
  the 
  Endoceras 
  proteiforme 
  and 
  Triarthrus 
  

   b 
  e 
  c 
  k 
  i 
  , 
  so 
  common 
  in 
  the 
  Utica 
  shale, 
  are 
  also 
  found 
  here. 
  The 
  

   lower 
  Lorraine 
  as 
  thus 
  described 
  corresponds 
  in 
  a 
  general 
  way 
  at 
  

   least 
  to 
  Vanuxem's 
  Frankfort 
  slate 
  and 
  sandstone.^ 
  

  

  The 
  upper 
  Lorraine, 
  showing 
  a 
  thickness 
  of 
  something 
  over 
  400 
  

   feet, 
  is 
  made 
  up 
  of 
  gray, 
  fine 
  grained 
  sandstone 
  beds 
  alternating 
  

   with 
  black 
  to 
  dark 
  gray 
  shales 
  and 
  occasional 
  thin 
  beds 
  of 
  impure 
  

   limestone. 
  Passing 
  upward 
  the 
  sandstone 
  content 
  increases 
  greatly 
  

   and 
  the 
  thin 
  partings 
  of 
  shale 
  become 
  rather 
  sandy 
  and 
  light 
  

   colored. 
  The 
  upper 
  Lorraine 
  sandstones 
  and 
  limestones 
  are 
  highly 
  

   fossiliferous 
  and 
  fragments 
  of 
  sandstone 
  full 
  of 
  fossils 
  are 
  strewn 
  

   over 
  the 
  Tug 
  hill 
  region 
  in 
  great 
  quantities. 
  Among 
  the 
  many 
  

   fossils 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  more 
  noteworthy 
  forms 
  are 
  : 
  P 
  e 
  n 
  t 
  a 
  - 
  

   crinites 
  hamptonii 
  of 
  the 
  echinoderms, 
  Leptaena 
  

   s 
  e 
  r 
  i 
  c 
  e 
  a 
  and 
  Orthis 
  testudinaria 
  of 
  the 
  brachiopods, 
  

   Ambonchyia 
  radiata 
  and 
  IModiolopsis 
  modiolari? 
  

   of 
  the 
  lamellibranchs 
  and 
  Cyrtolites 
  ornatus 
  of 
  the 
  

   gastropods. 
  A 
  more 
  complete 
  list 
  of 
  fossils 
  for 
  this 
  general 
  

   region 
  may 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  a 
  paper 
  by 
  Walcott.^ 
  The 
  upper 
  Lorraine 
  

   as 
  here 
  described 
  corresponds 
  roughly 
  to 
  the 
  sandstone 
  shale 
  of 
  

   Pulaski 
  as 
  used 
  in 
  Vanuxem's 
  report. 
  

  

  From 
  the 
  standpoint 
  of 
  both 
  areal 
  extent 
  and 
  thickness 
  the 
  Lor- 
  

   raine 
  is 
  the 
  principal 
  Paleozoic 
  formation 
  of 
  the 
  quadrangle. 
  Ex- 
  

   cept 
  for 
  the 
  small 
  Oswego 
  sandstone 
  area, 
  the 
  Lorraine 
  occupies 
  

   all 
  of 
  Tug 
  and 
  Mohawk 
  hills. 
  Fine 
  sections 
  are 
  exposed 
  along 
  the 
  

   larger 
  streams 
  which 
  cut 
  across 
  the 
  eastern 
  front 
  of 
  Tug 
  hill, 
  the 
  

   best 
  one 
  probably 
  being 
  in 
  Whetstone 
  gulf 
  [see 
  pi. 
  9]. 
  The 
  whole 
  

   thickness 
  of 
  the 
  formation 
  is 
  shown 
  in 
  the 
  township 
  of 
  Turin 
  where 
  

   it 
  is 
  estimated 
  at 
  630 
  feet. 
  About 
  600 
  feet 
  are 
  shown 
  in 
  Mohawk 
  

   hill 
  with 
  the 
  top 
  not 
  present. 
  Well 
  records 
  to 
  the 
  west 
  and 
  south 
  

  

  Woe. 
  cit. 
  p. 
  61. 
  

  

  •Geol. 
  Soc. 
  Am. 
  Bui. 
  1890. 
  1:348-49. 
  

  

  