wbbb] ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF NORRIS BASIN H§ 



remarkable similarity in burial customs, the possible significance of 

 which will be discussed in a later chapter. However, it is important 

 to notice in this connection that these so-called Creek burial customs 

 which seem to so closely resemble the practices at Site No. 10, were 

 reported by these observers as Creek customs after 1770. It does 

 not appear from any known records that those burial customs were 

 attributed to the Creeks prior to the last quarter of the eighteenth 

 century. 



Site No. 11.— WALTERS FARM VILLAGE 



The C. J. Walters farm was on the south side of Clinch River in 

 Union County, Term. It was 5 miles below Walker Bridge and 

 approximately 43 miles from Norris Dam. The site was on a flat- 

 topped hill which rose some 135 feet above Clinch River. The hill 

 was almost entirely encompassed by a northward-flexed meander of 

 the Clinch River. In the apex of this meander lies Busk Island. 

 About 1,300 feet east of the site is a deep valley in which there is an 

 intermittent stream. The highest portion of the hill will be slightly 

 above the high-water lino of Norris Lake, but the farm and a portion 

 of the village site which was investigated will go under water. 



The soil averaged 20 inches over the entire site. It had been 

 washed from the apex of the hill, leaving there a covering not over 

 6 inches deep. On the east, in the small drainage valley, the soil 

 was often 3 feet deep and contained much midden material. The 

 hardpan was generally of a heavy red clay, but sand areas were 

 occasionally encountered. Outcrops of chert and flint in Knox dolo- 

 mite were found not 2 miles distant from the site. 



The area investigated, a prehistoric village site, was situated in a 

 field which had been plowed for a period of 50 years or more. A 

 preliminary investigation by trenching was made to determine what 

 area, if any, was worthy of investigation. The area to be investi- 

 gated was staked off and trenching was begun on the west side. 

 Trenches were put down to the hardpan, keeping a clean floor and a 

 vertical wall every 10 feet in the direction of the advance. There 

 were no mounds or other earthworks of large size on the site, but an 

 abundance of evidence of a prehistoric village was found — midden 

 material on the surface and post-mold patterns of rectangular struc- 

 tures in the hardpan. Since no one of the finds here was outstanding 

 or distinctive, the features will be described in the order in which 

 they were found. Their location is shown on a plat of the site which 

 is presented in figures 48 and 49. Figure 48 shows the northern end 

 of the excavated area, while figure 49 shows the southern end. The 

 area was staked in 20-foot sections, the northeast corner being the 

 0.0 stake. After the original survey was completed it was found 



