webb] ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF NORRIS BASIN 165 



plications, sufficient body was formed to resist excessive drying. It 

 was necessary, however, in order to prevent the specimen drying too 

 fast, to apply the paraffin before the specimen was removed from the 

 earth. The earth piers shown in the photographs of the excavations 

 contained post fragments which were being "treated" before being 

 removed from the ground. 



The secondary structure must have had a definite floor some 24 

 to 30 inches above the old village site, but there was no evidence of 

 any special preparation of a floor by the use of clean clay, sand, or 

 other material, as is sometimes the case. Further, the roof of the 

 secondary structure was also covered with earth from the nearby 

 village. When this secondary structure collapsed the earth above 

 and below its floor was so much alike, and both were so black, that 

 no line of separation could be found on a vertical profile, although 

 such separation was carefully sought. 



Aside from slight variations in size and orientation, the only 

 difference in construction in the primary and secondary walls seemed 

 to have been that under the end of each secondary post a flat rock 

 was placed in the hole dug to receive it. Thus the post rested on a 

 stone footing, as shown in plate 109, a, which is a close-up of a pair 

 of posts, the primary on the right and the secondary on the left, 

 resting on a stone. This pair is one of seven such pairs found in 

 the south wall, as shown in plate 108. The earth pillars were left, 

 as they were necessary to support these post remnants, and the earth 

 prevented the posts from drying excessively before the excavation 

 was completed. The builders doubtless found this stone footing 

 necessary, since the secondary structure was built on the loose earth 

 of the primary roof, which was not nearly so solid as the old village 

 subsoil. 



After the collapse of the secondary structure, the earth on its roof 

 raised the surface on the mound to a height of more than 7 feet above 

 the original village floor. At this level there seems to have been a 

 tertiary structure which about coincided in size and orientation with 

 the secondary structure. Its exact dimensions and orientation are 

 uncertain, for after its collapse the earth layer forming its roof 

 raised the level of the mound to something more than 9 feet in 

 height. This height would naturally permit considerable erosion 

 of soil, and the cultivation of this site for nearly a century has re- 

 sulted in much spreading of earth from the top of the mound. In 

 the tertiary structure a definite floor was prepared from yellow clay, 

 brought in, doubtless, from the neighboring hillsides. The hardness 

 of this level floor and its sharp contrast in color against the black 

 soil of the bottomland, above and below it in the mound, makes the 

 floor of this tertiary structure definite. Near the center of this floor 



