214 
Affinities. Scalpellum sinense is closely allied to the West 
Indian species Scalpellum stratum Aurivillius. It is, however, easily 
distinguished from that species by the peculiar armature of the 
peduncle — an important character in the subgenus Smilium (see 
Roo. Ind. Mus., vol. iv, p. 151 (1910)). 
Scalpellum valvulifer, sp. nov. (Pl. III. figs. 1, 2). 
Scalpellum darwinii, Steenstrup, Ms. (name now preoccupied). 
Capitulum laterally compressed, subquadrate as viewed from 
the side. The occludent margin is slightly convex, the carinal 
margin nearly straight except at the upper end; the upper margin 
is distinetly sinuous and slopes somewhat abruptly backwards and 
downwards from the tip of the terga. 
There are fourteen opaque white valves, all of which are fully 
calcified and covered by a delicate greyish membrane. In several 
specimens (fig. 1) they are surrounded by minute irregular calcareous 
plates in a manner that appears to be unique in the genus. 
The carina is narrow laterally at the base but expands. con- 
siderably near the tip, from which the umbo is distinetly but by 
no means widely separated; the dorsum is narrowly convex, without 
distinet borders; the sides are nearly flat or feebly concave and 
the part of the valve that surrounds the umbonal region is con- 
siderably depressed; the base is rounded and not at all expanded. 
The' terga are not much - larger than the scuta; they are 
irregularly rhomboidal in form, with the apex, which projects far 
above the carina, more or less strongly retroverted, the carinal 
margin distinctly sinuous and the occludent margin convex outwards. 
The scuta are subtriangular but somewhat variable in exact 
form; their apices are in contact with or slightly overlap the edge 
of the terga. : 
The rostral latera are horizontal, band-like or subtriangular in 
outline; their inner margins are distinctly convex backwards, while 
their occludent margins form a long suture with the rostrum. 
