250 
have of course always been the first used by the authors, who at 
that point of time had only a very imperfect knowledge of the 
single individuals composing the colony or none at all. The pictures 
presented by the different colonial forms captivated the eye, and 
through this mastered the arranging thought. Such an attempt 
is Ellis' renowned work ,on the Corallines") under which common 
name he classes not only Hydroid polyps and Bryozoa, but also the 
articulate chalk-algae, while the first step to dissolve the systematic 
connection between the "two "first. named "divisions was made in 
1828 by Milne-Edwards and Audouin”) who pointed out 
that Flustra in opposition to the polyps possesses an intestinal tube 
provided with two apertures, and in consequence of this discovery 
proposed the institution of a separate family comprising the Frustrae 
and relied forms. But the belief in the systematic importance 
of the outer habitus and "the "mode of growth is not so easily 
conquered, and ten years later Milne-Edwards?) says about the 
result of this proposal: ,,Ce premier essai d'une classification 
naturelle des Polypes fondée sur V'organisation de ces animaux ne 
fut pas adopté par les zoologistes. M.Cuvier, dans la seconde 
édition du rågne animal, publiée en 1830, continua å distribuer 
ces zoophytes d'apres la conformation générale de leur Polypier et 
rangea encore les Flustres entre les Sertulaires et les Corallines 
tandis que les Eschares dont la structure différe å peine de celle 
de ces Flustres se trouvaient relegués dans la tribu des Litho- 
phytes å la suite des Coraux et des Madrépores.” After Milne- 
Edwards had extended his investigations also into the anatomy 
of the strongly calcified cheilostomatous forms (the Æscharae), and 
other naturalists as delle Chiaje, Ehrenberg and Lister had 
arrived at the same results, the Bryozoa were gradually separated 
from the Hydrvid polypes, but still in the second edition of 
Lamarck's Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertåbres (1856) 
1y 18, 
ry, pr 72 
rode 166 
