340 Forty-sixth Report on the State Museum 



touch (a favorite place), — in short, there is no rule, but perhaps, if the 

 weather is wet, a larger percentage are in the eye. They strike [lay 

 the egg] from the time that the apple is of the size of marbles until 

 they are full-grown : this must be self-evident, from the long period 

 during Avhich they strike — from November to March. 



In about a month the larvae mature, leave the apple, seek shelter, 

 spin a cocoon, and lie in the larva state until about October or Novem- 

 ber [April and May in New York], when they change into the chrysalis, 

 and emerge as moths, as before stated. 



There are some who hold that there is more than one generation, but 

 that is contrary to my experience. If it is so, it is the exception and 

 not the rule. I am constantly removing bandages from January to 

 June, and have never found, in a single instance, a chrysalis or the 

 empty case, but larvae by the hundreds. I have also experimented with 

 larvae under cover, taken from the apple as early as possible, and they 

 have not emerged until December. 



I am strongly of the opinion that spraying should be commenced 

 early — when the calyx of the apple is up, because I find that after the 

 fruit has been struck in the eye, spraying is not effectual. The pear is 

 chiefly struck in the eye. The apples most liable to attack are the 

 Ribstone, Alexander, Dutch Mignon, Imperial Green, Russets, and Vic- 

 torias. In some places, the apricot, peach, plum, cherry-plum, and even 

 some cherries, are affected. — W. N. Cressy, Feb. 13, 1891. v 



Referring to the habit as above given, of the promiscuous egg-laying 

 of the moth in Tasmania, upon any part of the fruit, and even on the 

 stem, it is safe to say, that it is opposed to all observations made in 

 tl\is country. 



Mr. L. O. Howard, in his extended account of the Codling-Moth, 

 contained in pages 88-115 of the Report of the Commissioner of Agri- 

 culture for l^^l , h2i^ aimed to give a complete account by bringing 

 into one readily-accessible article a review of the life-history of the 

 insect, and to this end, all of its literature, so far as known, was con- 

 sulted and gleaned. According to this: "In the little crumpled-up 

 spot caused by the falling off of the calyx the eggs are hidden, sometimes 

 two or three to a single apple or pear. The eggs are laid sometimes 

 upon the smooth cheek of the apple and sometimes in the hollow at 

 the stem, but these are both unusual." From this statement we may 

 conclude that an egg of the codling-moth deposited elsewhere than in the 

 eye of the apple is, in this country, exceptit)nal and of rare occurrence 

 or, at the least, has not been frequently observed.* Probably the same 

 rule would apply to the oviposition in Europe. 



In a paper read before the Conference of the Fruit and Vine-grow- 

 ers of New South Wales, Australia, in June, 1890, by J. H. Dickenson, 

 of South Bridgewater, Tasmania, based apparently on his personal 

 observations, we read as follows: "The moth lays her eggs in the eye 



• This will require qualification in view of observations since made, in Maine, by Mr. Munaon, 

 on the second brood of the insect, and given on the following page. 



