﻿NIAGARA 
  FALLS 
  AND 
  VICINITY 
  IO3 
  

  

  Lower 
  shales. 
  The 
  beds 
  immediately 
  succeeding 
  the 
  CUnton 
  Ume- 
  

   stone 
  are 
  calcareous 
  shales 
  with 
  frequent 
  thin 
  limestone 
  layers. 
  The 
  

   latter 
  are 
  the 
  most 
  fossiliferous, 
  being 
  in 
  general 
  entirely 
  made 
  up 
  

   of 
  organic 
  remains. 
  The 
  calcareous 
  beds 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  5 
  or 
  10 
  feet 
  

   are 
  particularly 
  rich 
  in 
  crinoid 
  remains. 
  Chief 
  among 
  these 
  or- 
  

   ganisms, 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  its 
  abundance 
  and 
  perfection, 
  is 
  the 
  little 
  

   triangular 
  Stephanocrinus 
  ornatus, 
  which 
  may 
  be 
  

   found 
  in 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  calcareous 
  layers. 
  Fragments 
  of 
  E 
  u 
  c 
  a 
  1 
  y 
  p 
  - 
  

   t 
  o 
  c 
  r 
  i 
  n 
  u 
  s 
  are 
  always 
  common, 
  while 
  the 
  characteristic 
  Niagara 
  

   cystoid 
  Caryocrinus 
  ornatus 
  is 
  also 
  found, 
  though 
  not 
  so 
  

   abundantly 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  division. 
  The 
  most 
  

   abundant 
  brachiopod 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  shales 
  is 
  Whitfieldella 
  

   nitida 
  oblata, 
  similar 
  to 
  the 
  specimens 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  lime- 
  

   stone 
  lenses. 
  The 
  little 
  Orthis, 
  Dalmanella 
  elegantula» 
  

   is 
  also 
  common, 
  ranging 
  throughout 
  the 
  lower 
  division 
  of 
  the 
  shales. 
  

   Spirifer 
  niagarensis 
  is 
  common 
  above 
  the 
  lowest 
  3 
  or 
  4 
  

   feet 
  of 
  the 
  shale. 
  Orthothetes 
  subplanus, 
  a 
  large, 
  sub- 
  

   semicircular 
  and 
  nearly 
  flat 
  brachiopod, 
  is 
  abundant 
  in 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  

   calcareous 
  layers, 
  which 
  at 
  times 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  composed 
  of 
  it, 
  so 
  

   thickly 
  are 
  these 
  shells 
  piled 
  one 
  on 
  the 
  other. 
  Atrypa 
  nodo- 
  

   striata 
  is 
  the 
  commonest 
  representative 
  of 
  the 
  genus, 
  the 
  larger 
  

   A. 
  reticularis, 
  so 
  abundant 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  Clinton, 
  being 
  com- 
  

   paratively 
  rare 
  and 
  subordinate 
  in 
  development. 
  In 
  the 
  limestone 
  

   bands 
  A. 
  nodostriata 
  is 
  usually 
  rotund, 
  but 
  in 
  the 
  shaly 
  beds 
  

   it 
  is 
  most 
  commonly 
  compressed. 
  Trilobites 
  are 
  comparatively 
  rare 
  

   in 
  these 
  lower 
  shales, 
  though 
  representatives 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  species 
  found 
  

   in 
  this 
  region 
  have 
  been 
  obtained 
  from 
  them. 
  Bivalve 
  molluscan 
  

   shells 
  are 
  also 
  uncommon, 
  but 
  the 
  gastropods, 
  D 
  i 
  a 
  p 
  h 
  o 
  r 
  - 
  

   ostoma 
  niagarense 
  and 
  Platyceras 
  are 
  not 
  infre- 
  

   quent. 
  

  

  Some 
  of 
  the 
  calcareous 
  bands 
  are 
  almost 
  barren 
  of 
  organic 
  re- 
  

   mains, 
  but 
  in 
  most 
  cases 
  these 
  beds 
  will 
  be 
  found 
  to 
  constitute 
  the 
  

   chief 
  repositories 
  of 
  the 
  fossils. 
  

  

  Bryosoa 
  beds. 
  A 
  short 
  distance 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  third 
  watchman's 
  

   hut, 
  the 
  section 
  comes 
  to 
  an 
  end, 
  being 
  for 
  some 
  distance 
  replaced 
  

   by 
  a 
  soil-covered 
  and 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  wooded 
  bank. 
  Where 
  the 
  section 
  

  

  