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  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  post-palmars 
  — 
  all 
  the 
  plates, 
  superior 
  to 
  the 
  axillary 
  palmars 
  in 
  the 
  arms 
  of 
  

  

  crinoids 
  

   prehensile 
  — 
  adapted 
  for 
  seizing 
  

   preoral 
  — 
  situated 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  mouth 
  

   produced 
  — 
  drawn 
  out, 
  elongated 
  

   proliferous 
  — 
  reproducing 
  buds 
  from 
  the 
  calyx 
  

   protoconch 
  — 
  embryonic 
  shell 
  of 
  a 
  cephalous 
  molluscan 
  

   proximal 
  — 
  nearest 
  or 
  basal 
  portion 
  

  

  pseudocolumella 
  — 
  false 
  columella 
  in 
  corals, 
  formed 
  by 
  a 
  twisting 
  of 
  the 
  septa 
  

   pseudodeltidium 
  — 
  false 
  deltidium 
  (Spirifer), 
  formed 
  by 
  union 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  two 
  deltidial 
  plates 
  

   pseudosepta 
  — 
  septa-like 
  ridges 
  of 
  Chaetetes, 
  etc., 
  the 
  projecting 
  ends 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  lunaria 
  in 
  the 
  cells 
  of 
  certain 
  bryozoa 
  

   pseudotheca 
  — 
  false 
  wall 
  or 
  theca 
  in 
  some 
  corals, 
  formed 
  by 
  the 
  expansion 
  of 
  

  

  the 
  outer 
  margins 
  of 
  the 
  septa 
  

   punctate 
  — 
  dotted, 
  with 
  scattered 
  dots 
  or 
  pits 
  

   pustule 
  — 
  small 
  blister-like 
  elevation 
  

   pustulose 
  — 
  bearing 
  pustules 
  or 
  projections 
  

  

  pygidium 
  — 
  posterior 
  or 
  tail 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  carapace 
  of 
  trilobites 
  

   pyramidal 
  — 
  having 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  a 
  pyramid 
  

   pyriform 
  — 
  pear-shaped 
  

   pyriformis 
  — 
  pear-shaped 
  

  

  quadrangular 
  — 
  four 
  angled 
  

  

  quadrate 
  — 
  with 
  four 
  equal 
  and 
  parallel 
  sides 
  

  

  quadrifid 
  — 
  cut 
  into 
  four 
  points 
  

  

  quadrilobate 
  — 
  bearing 
  four 
  lobes 
  

  

  quadriplicate 
  — 
  with 
  four 
  folds 
  

  

  quincunx 
  — 
  five 
  objects 
  arranged 
  in 
  a 
  square 
  with 
  one 
  in 
  the 
  middle 
  

  

  rachis 
  — 
  central 
  stem 
  of 
  a 
  frond 
  in 
  bryozoa, 
  etc. 
  

  

  radials 
  — 
  main 
  plates 
  of 
  the 
  calyx 
  of 
  a 
  crinoid, 
  resting 
  on 
  the 
  parabasals, 
  and 
  

  

  alternating 
  with 
  them 
  

   radii 
  — 
  ribs 
  or 
  striations 
  diverging 
  from 
  the 
  beak 
  of 
  a 
  shell 
  

   ramose 
  — 
  branching 
  

   ramus 
  — 
  branch 
  of 
  a 
  skeletal 
  structure 
  

   reniform 
  — 
  kidney 
  form 
  

   resilium 
  — 
  internal 
  cartilage 
  or 
  compressible 
  substance 
  in 
  the 
  hinge 
  of 
  pelecy- 
  

  

  pods 
  

   reticulated 
  — 
  like 
  a 
  network 
  

   retractile 
  — 
  capable 
  of 
  being 
  withdrawn 
  

   retral 
  — 
  backward 
  

  

  rhynchonelloid 
  — 
  resembling 
  Rhynchonella 
  

  

  root 
  — 
  expanded 
  basal 
  portion 
  of 
  a 
  crinoid 
  stem, 
  used 
  for 
  fixation 
  

   rostrum 
  — 
  a 
  beak 
  or 
  snout 
  

   rugosa 
  — 
  an 
  old 
  name 
  for 
  the 
  Tetracoralla 
  

  

  