﻿292 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  Other 
  aim 
  or 
  power 
  than 
  the 
  perpetuation 
  of 
  the 
  species. 
  This, 
  in 
  brief 
  

   is 
  the 
  story 
  of 
  the 
  female 
  scale. 
  It 
  is 
  different 
  with 
  the 
  opposite 
  sex. 
  

   The 
  scale, 
  usually 
  of 
  a 
  different 
  form, 
  is 
  secreted 
  by 
  the 
  young 
  (pi. 
  2, 
  

   fig. 
  6), 
  and 
  the 
  same 
  process 
  goes 
  on 
  till 
  the 
  second 
  molt, 
  and 
  then 
  rudi- 
  

   ments 
  of 
  limbs, 
  antennae 
  and 
  wings 
  are 
  developed, 
  and 
  later 
  appears 
  the 
  

   minute 
  two- 
  winged 
  creature 
  (pi. 
  3, 
  fig. 
  12), 
  which 
  forsakes 
  its 
  sheltering 
  

   scale 
  and 
  looks 
  for 
  a 
  mate. 
  This 
  tiny 
  insect 
  lost 
  its 
  appendages 
  while 
  

   hving 
  under 
  the 
  protecting 
  scale, 
  and 
  in 
  time 
  developed 
  others 
  much 
  

   more 
  delicate 
  and 
  refined. 
  

  

  Other 
  scale 
  insects 
  are 
  not 
  protected 
  by 
  a 
  shield 
  of 
  excreted 
  matter 
  and 
  

   cast 
  skins 
  as 
  are 
  those 
  mentioned 
  above. 
  They 
  vary 
  much 
  in 
  general 
  

   appearance 
  and 
  habits. 
  Some 
  live 
  in 
  galls, 
  others, 
  like 
  Kermes, 
  re- 
  

   semble 
  and 
  are 
  frequently 
  taken 
  for 
  galls, 
  while 
  still 
  others 
  may 
  be 
  found 
  

   in 
  ants 
  nests. 
  The 
  soft, 
  brown 
  Lecaniums 
  are 
  among 
  the 
  most 
  

   common 
  unarmored 
  scale 
  insects, 
  and 
  they 
  can 
  usually 
  be 
  distinguished 
  

   by 
  their 
  oval, 
  somewhat 
  hemispheric 
  bodies. 
  The 
  more 
  typical 
  Coccidae 
  

   are 
  represented 
  by 
  the 
  " 
  mealy 
  bug," 
  Dactylopius 
  longispinus 
  

   Targ., 
  and 
  the 
  elm 
  bark 
  louse, 
  Gossyparia 
  ulmi 
  Geoff. 
  The 
  former 
  

   is 
  common 
  in 
  greenhouses 
  and 
  the 
  latter 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  considerable 
  numbers 
  

   on 
  elms 
  in 
  many 
  cities 
  and 
  villages. 
  Neither 
  of 
  these 
  lose 
  their 
  appendages 
  

   with 
  the 
  first 
  molt, 
  as 
  do 
  the 
  armored 
  scales, 
  and 
  they 
  retain 
  the 
  power 
  

   of 
  locomotion 
  to 
  a 
  certain 
  extent, 
  at 
  least. 
  Coccidae 
  belonging 
  to 
  this 
  

   group 
  are 
  usually 
  covered 
  with 
  a 
  whitish, 
  protective 
  excretion, 
  which 
  is, 
  

   for 
  example, 
  cotton-like 
  in 
  Gossyparia 
  and 
  granular 
  in 
  the 
  " 
  mealy 
  

   bug." 
  

  

  Number 
  of 
  species. 
  The 
  number 
  of 
  described 
  species 
  of 
  scale 
  in- 
  

   sects 
  is 
  very 
  large. 
  A 
  check 
  list 
  of 
  the 
  Coccidae 
  of 
  the 
  world 
  ^, 
  pub- 
  

   lished 
  by 
  Prof. 
  T. 
  D. 
  A. 
  Cockerell 
  in 
  1896, 
  hsts 
  over 
  800 
  species, 
  and 
  a 
  

   supplement^ 
  to 
  this 
  adds 
  over 
  300, 
  making 
  a 
  total 
  of 
  about 
  iioo. 
  Some 
  

   of 
  these 
  will 
  doubtless 
  prove 
  to 
  be 
  varieties, 
  but 
  new 
  species 
  are 
  con- 
  

   stantly 
  being 
  added 
  to 
  the 
  hst. 
  A 
  most 
  interesting 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  forms 
  

   occurring 
  in 
  the 
  state 
  of 
  Massachusetts 
  has 
  been 
  prosecuted 
  by 
  George 
  

   B. 
  King, 
  of 
  Lawrence 
  (Mass.), 
  who 
  has 
  succeeded, 
  by 
  collecting 
  and 
  

   compiling, 
  in 
  bringing 
  together 
  a 
  Kst 
  of 
  no, 
  aside 
  from 
  several 
  unidenti- 
  

   fied, 
  species 
  of 
  scale 
  insects 
  known 
  to 
  occur 
  in 
  that 
  commonwealth. 
  

   Compilation 
  of 
  earher 
  records 
  and 
  the 
  aid 
  generously 
  given 
  by 
  other 
  

   entomologists 
  have 
  made 
  it 
  possible 
  to 
  prepare 
  a 
  list 
  of 
  78 
  species 
  of 
  

   scale 
  insects 
  known 
  to 
  occur 
  in 
  New 
  York 
  state 
  {see 
  p. 
  354). 
  Many 
  

   additions 
  will 
  doubtless 
  be 
  made 
  to 
  this 
  list 
  by 
  farther 
  collecting. 
  

  

  1 
  Illinois 
  state 
  laboratory 
  of 
  natural 
  history. 
  Bui. 
  1896, 
  v. 
  4, 
  art. 
  9. 
  

  

  2 
  " 
  1899, 
  V. 
  5, 
  art. 
  7. 
  

  

  