﻿298 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  duced. 
  The 
  winter 
  is 
  passed 
  in 
  the 
  egg 
  under 
  the 
  protecting 
  scale 
  of 
  the 
  

   female, 
  the 
  young 
  appearing 
  from 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  May 
  to 
  early 
  June, 
  and 
  in 
  

   the 
  case 
  of 
  badly 
  infested 
  trees 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  twigs 
  may 
  be 
  literally 
  yellow 
  

   on 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  abundant 
  crawling 
  specks. 
  Prof 
  Lowe 
  has 
  observed 
  

   them 
  as 
  early 
  as 
  May 
  7 
  at 
  Geneva 
  (N. 
  Y.) 
  They 
  soon 
  settle 
  in 
  a 
  place 
  

   and 
  begin 
  sucking 
  nourishment 
  from 
  the 
  underlying 
  bark 
  tissues, 
  and 
  in 
  

   about 
  two 
  days 
  long, 
  white, 
  waxy 
  filaments 
  extend 
  from 
  the 
  back 
  of 
  the 
  

   young, 
  and, 
  where 
  they 
  are 
  numerous, 
  the 
  infested 
  branch 
  is 
  adorned 
  

   with 
  patches 
  of 
  woolly-appearing 
  matter, 
  as 
  shown 
  in 
  figure 
  3. 
  This 
  excre- 
  

   tion 
  mats 
  down 
  and 
  soon 
  forms 
  a 
  protective 
  covering. 
  Close 
  inspection 
  

   shows 
  this 
  to 
  be 
  composed 
  of 
  a 
  cast 
  skin 
  and 
  a 
  larger 
  scale 
  formed 
  by 
  the 
  

   matted 
  filaments 
  adhering 
  to 
  it. 
  Such 
  half-grown 
  insects, 
  represented 
  in 
  

   figures 
  4 
  and 
  5, 
  are 
  about 
  six 
  weeks 
  old. 
  Another 
  molt 
  occurs 
  later, 
  and 
  

   to 
  this 
  second 
  cast 
  skin 
  a 
  much 
  larger 
  scale 
  is 
  attached. 
  The 
  first 
  cast 
  

   skin 
  and 
  its 
  scale 
  are 
  on 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  anterior 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  second, 
  but 
  are 
  

   easily 
  dislodged 
  and 
  therefore 
  may 
  not 
  be 
  observed. 
  The 
  fully 
  developed 
  

   female 
  may 
  be 
  found 
  beneath 
  the 
  larger 
  scale 
  about 
  the 
  first 
  of 
  August, 
  

   egg-laying 
  beginning 
  soon 
  and 
  being 
  completed 
  by 
  the 
  latter 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  

   month 
  or 
  early 
  September. 
  One 
  female 
  deposits 
  from 
  about 
  50 
  to. 
  loa 
  

   eggs. 
  Prof. 
  Comstock 
  states 
  that, 
  while 
  he 
  found 
  the 
  male 
  scale 
  rare 
  

   on 
  appletrees 
  at 
  Washington, 
  it 
  was 
  abundant 
  on 
  other 
  kinds 
  of 
  trees. 
  

   The 
  attacks 
  of 
  this 
  insect 
  are 
  confined 
  almost 
  wholly 
  to 
  the 
  bark, 
  though 
  

   there 
  are 
  a 
  few 
  records 
  of 
  the 
  species 
  occurring 
  on 
  fruit. 
  

  

  Food 
  plants. 
  This 
  species 
  is 
  of 
  greatest 
  importance 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  

   its 
  depredations 
  on 
  fruit 
  trees, 
  but 
  it 
  also 
  occurs 
  on 
  a 
  large 
  number 
  of 
  

   other 
  plants. 
  The 
  brief 
  list 
  of 
  food 
  plants 
  brought 
  together 
  by 
  Dr 
  Lint- 
  

   ner 
  in 
  his 
  nth 
  report 
  includes 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  more 
  important 
  species. 
  It 
  

   is 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  apple, 
  plum, 
  pear, 
  raspberry, 
  wild 
  cherry, 
  wild 
  gooseberry^ 
  

   red 
  currant, 
  sugar 
  and 
  swamp 
  maples, 
  white 
  and 
  black 
  ash, 
  birch, 
  poplar, 
  

   willows, 
  linden, 
  horse-chestnut, 
  elm, 
  etc. 
  Dr 
  L. 
  O. 
  Howard, 
  writing 
  of 
  

   this 
  insect 
  in 
  1895, 
  gives 
  two 
  lists 
  of 
  food 
  plants, 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  

   not 
  represented 
  in 
  the 
  above 
  enumeration, 
  and 
  he 
  proceeds 
  to 
  state 
  that, 
  

   though 
  no 
  structural 
  differences 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  between 
  the 
  forms 
  on 
  

   these 
  varied 
  food 
  plants, 
  he 
  can 
  hardly 
  avoid 
  the 
  strong 
  suspicion 
  that 
  

   certain 
  of 
  these 
  will 
  not 
  interbreed, 
  and 
  that 
  eventually 
  distinguishing 
  

   characteristics 
  will 
  be 
  found 
  to 
  exist. 
  

  

  Natural 
  enemies. 
  A 
  small 
  hymenopterous 
  maggot 
  was 
  observed 
  by 
  

   Dr 
  Fitch 
  to 
  live 
  on 
  the 
  eggs 
  of 
  this 
  pest. 
  What 
  was 
  in 
  all 
  probability 
  the 
  

   same 
  parasite 
  was 
  described 
  by 
  Dr 
  Le 
  Baron 
  some 
  years 
  later 
  as 
  A 
  p 
  h 
  e 
  1 
  i- 
  

  

  