﻿SCALE 
  INSECTS 
  OF 
  IMPORTANCE 
  3OI 
  

  

  Description. 
  Sometimes 
  this 
  insect 
  occurs 
  in 
  thick, 
  matted, 
  dirty- 
  

   masses, 
  and 
  then 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  the 
  individuals 
  is 
  much 
  obscured. 
  There 
  

   is 
  usually 
  some 
  place 
  on 
  the 
  infested 
  plant 
  where 
  the 
  females 
  are 
  some- 
  

   what 
  isolated 
  and 
  have 
  the 
  general 
  appearance 
  represented 
  in 
  figure 
  7, 
  

   which 
  shows 
  a 
  group 
  of 
  females 
  with 
  two 
  males 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  right 
  hand 
  

   corner. 
  A 
  closer 
  examination 
  of 
  one 
  scale 
  will 
  reveal 
  the 
  details 
  illus- 
  

   trated 
  in 
  figure 
  4. 
  The 
  female 
  scale 
  consists 
  of 
  a 
  very 
  small 
  yellowish 
  

   pellicle 
  (usually 
  two 
  are 
  present), 
  a 
  larger 
  dark 
  scale 
  and 
  a 
  very 
  much 
  

   larger, 
  irregularly 
  shaped, 
  whitish 
  scale. 
  Figure 
  i 
  shows 
  this 
  structure 
  m 
  

   greater 
  detail. 
  The 
  male 
  scales 
  are 
  elongated, 
  with 
  a 
  small 
  yellowish 
  

   pellicle 
  and 
  a 
  much 
  larger, 
  tricarinate 
  white 
  scale, 
  as 
  represented 
  some- 
  

   what 
  enlarged 
  in 
  figure 
  8 
  and 
  much 
  more 
  so 
  in 
  figure 
  6. 
  A 
  rupture 
  of 
  a 
  

   female 
  scale 
  in 
  the 
  fall 
  or 
  winter 
  reveals 
  the 
  purplish 
  eggs 
  beneath 
  (fig. 
  i), 
  

   and, 
  when 
  one 
  is 
  turned 
  over, 
  the 
  shrunken 
  body 
  of 
  the 
  parent 
  and 
  the 
  

   mass 
  of 
  eggs 
  is 
  exposed 
  (fig. 
  5). 
  The 
  active, 
  reddish 
  young 
  is 
  represented 
  

   in 
  figure 
  2, 
  and 
  the 
  partly 
  grown 
  individuals, 
  showing 
  the 
  yellowish 
  pelli- 
  

   cle 
  and 
  the 
  dark 
  smaller 
  scale, 
  in 
  figure 
  3. 
  The 
  full-grown 
  female, 
  as 
  

   she 
  appears 
  under 
  the 
  scale 
  before 
  egg 
  deposition 
  begins, 
  is 
  represented 
  

   in 
  figure 
  9. 
  

  

  The 
  male 
  was 
  not 
  reared, 
  and, 
  as 
  a 
  matter 
  of 
  fact, 
  it 
  is 
  rarely 
  ob- 
  

   served. 
  Prof. 
  Comstock's 
  description 
  of 
  this 
  form 
  is 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  

  

  Yellow 
  marked, 
  with 
  irregular 
  reddish-brown 
  spots 
  ; 
  thoracic 
  band 
  

   reddish 
  brown, 
  sometimes 
  darker 
  than 
  the 
  other 
  markings. 
  Length 
  of 
  body 
  

   including 
  style, 
  .62 
  mm 
  (.02 
  inch); 
  length 
  of 
  style, 
  .18 
  mm 
  (.006 
  inch). 
  

   On 
  each 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  anterior 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  thorax 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  black 
  spot 
  which 
  

   resembles 
  an 
  eye. 
  

  

  The 
  accompanying 
  illustration 
  of 
  the 
  male 
  and 
  its 
  pupa 
  will 
  aid 
  

   greatly 
  in 
  its 
  recognition. 
  

  

  Life 
  history. 
  The 
  development 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  is 
  very 
  nearly 
  the 
  

   same 
  as 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  preceding 
  form. 
  The 
  winter 
  is 
  passed 
  in 
  the 
  egg 
  

   underneath 
  the 
  protecting 
  scale 
  of 
  the 
  female. 
  The 
  young 
  appear 
  in 
  this 
  

   latitude 
  about 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  as 
  do 
  those 
  ofMytilaspis 
  pomorum, 
  

   viz 
  from 
  about 
  the 
  middle 
  to 
  the 
  last 
  of 
  May. 
  They 
  soon 
  establish 
  

   themselves 
  at 
  favorable 
  points 
  on 
  the 
  bark 
  of 
  the 
  trunk 
  and 
  branches 
  and 
  

   begin 
  drawing 
  sustenance 
  from 
  the 
  underlying 
  tissues 
  through 
  the 
  deli- 
  

   cate, 
  thread-like 
  haustellum 
  or 
  beak. 
  Occasionally 
  the 
  young 
  may 
  estab- 
  

   lish 
  themselves 
  in 
  some 
  numbers 
  on 
  fruit. 
  Such 
  a 
  case 
  was 
  brought 
  to 
  

   notice 
  this 
  season. 
  The 
  insects 
  were 
  at 
  the 
  blossom 
  and 
  stem 
  ends 
  of 
  

   the 
  apples 
  and 
  each 
  was 
  surrounded 
  by 
  an 
  irregular, 
  reddish 
  area. 
  A 
  

   considerable 
  proportion 
  of 
  the 
  fruit 
  was 
  infested 
  in 
  one 
  orchard 
  in 
  

  

  