﻿SCALE 
  INSECTS 
  OF 
  IMPORTANCE 
  313 
  

  

  climatic 
  conditions, 
  and 
  this 
  limits 
  its 
  usefulness 
  seriously. 
  Fungus-in- 
  

   fested 
  scales 
  were 
  sent 
  to 
  other 
  states, 
  and 
  the 
  disease 
  was 
  at 
  least 
  tem- 
  

   porarily 
  established 
  in 
  several 
  places. 
  After 
  the 
  fungus 
  has 
  consumed 
  

   the 
  insect, 
  an 
  orange 
  colored 
  protuberance 
  forms 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  

   scale 
  or 
  breaks 
  through 
  it, 
  but, 
  as 
  this 
  is 
  only 
  from 
  -^ 
  to 
  ^ 
  of 
  an 
  inch 
  in 
  

   hight, 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  very 
  apparent. 
  

  

  Necessity 
  and 
  value 
  of 
  certificates 
  of 
  inspection. 
  The 
  pres- 
  

   ent 
  New 
  York 
  state 
  law 
  compels 
  the 
  inspection 
  of 
  all 
  nursery 
  stock 
  by 
  

   the 
  commissioner 
  of 
  agriculture 
  or 
  his 
  agents 
  at 
  least 
  once 
  a 
  year 
  prior 
  

   to 
  September 
  i 
  ; 
  and, 
  if 
  the 
  stock 
  is 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  apparently 
  free 
  from 
  

   dangerously 
  injurious 
  insects 
  and 
  from 
  contagious 
  diseases, 
  the 
  commis- 
  

   sioner 
  IS 
  required 
  to 
  issue 
  a 
  certificate 
  stating 
  the 
  facts. 
  A 
  nursery 
  found 
  

   infested 
  must 
  be 
  cleared 
  of 
  the 
  scale 
  before 
  a 
  certificate 
  of 
  freedom 
  from 
  

   pests 
  can 
  be 
  granted. 
  It 
  is 
  unlawful 
  to 
  ship 
  any 
  nursery 
  stock 
  by 
  public 
  

   carriers 
  unless 
  each 
  car, 
  box, 
  bale 
  or 
  package 
  be 
  accompanied 
  by 
  such 
  a 
  

   certificate 
  dated 
  within 
  a 
  year. 
  All 
  transportation 
  companies 
  are 
  now 
  

   required 
  by 
  law 
  to 
  notify 
  the 
  state 
  commissioner 
  of 
  agriculture 
  whenever 
  

   any 
  nursery 
  stock 
  is 
  received 
  from 
  any 
  point 
  without 
  the 
  state. 
  This 
  

   provision 
  was 
  made 
  to 
  aid 
  in 
  preventing 
  the 
  introduction 
  of 
  infested 
  

   nursery 
  stock 
  from 
  other 
  states. 
  

  

  The 
  value 
  of 
  a 
  certificate 
  depends 
  much 
  on 
  the 
  manner 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  

   inspection 
  is 
  conducted. 
  That 
  issued 
  by 
  our 
  state 
  department 
  of 
  agri- 
  

   culture 
  represents 
  faithful, 
  close 
  work, 
  and 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  accepted 
  as 
  con- 
  

   clusive 
  evidence 
  that 
  the 
  trees 
  are 
  apparently 
  free 
  from 
  this 
  pest. 
  Occa- 
  

   sionally 
  a 
  few 
  trees 
  with 
  the 
  scale 
  on 
  them 
  and 
  accompanied 
  by 
  the 
  com- 
  

   /missioner's 
  certificate 
  have 
  been 
  received 
  in 
  other 
  states; 
  but 
  I 
  am 
  not 
  

   aware 
  that 
  any 
  proof 
  has 
  ever 
  been 
  advanced 
  to 
  show 
  that 
  the 
  infested 
  

   trees 
  were 
  actually 
  inspected 
  in 
  New 
  York 
  state, 
  and 
  in 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  

   instances 
  it 
  does 
  not 
  appear 
  that 
  the 
  nursery 
  stock 
  was 
  even 
  sent 
  from 
  a 
  

   point 
  in 
  this 
  state. 
  A 
  certificate 
  from 
  a 
  reliable 
  party 
  may 
  be 
  accepted 
  

   as 
  presumptive 
  evidence 
  of 
  the 
  freedom 
  of 
  the 
  stock 
  from 
  this 
  scale 
  

   insect. 
  It 
  should 
  not, 
  however, 
  prevent 
  the 
  buyer 
  from 
  scrutinizing 
  the 
  

   trees 
  most 
  closely 
  and 
  fumigating 
  them, 
  if 
  they 
  have 
  not 
  already 
  been 
  so 
  

   treated. 
  

  

  Means 
  of 
  dispersal. 
  These 
  are 
  limited, 
  as 
  pointed 
  out 
  in 
  the 
  gen- 
  

   eral 
  introduction, 
  very 
  largely 
  to 
  conveyance 
  by 
  other 
  animals 
  or 
  by 
  the 
  

   elements. 
  The 
  young 
  may 
  crawl 
  from 
  tree 
  to 
  tree 
  where 
  branches 
  inter- 
  

   lock, 
  they 
  are 
  blown 
  some 
  distance 
  by 
  prevailing 
  winds, 
  and 
  the 
  insect 
  

   is 
  also 
  carried 
  on 
  young 
  trees. 
  Prof. 
  Webster, 
  in 
  Ohio 
  agricultural 
  

  

  