﻿324 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  tuiiity 
  for 
  learning 
  of 
  the 
  distribution 
  of 
  this 
  species. 
  The 
  original 
  infes- 
  

   tation 
  was 
  probably 
  in 
  an 
  orchard 
  in 
  Geneva 
  propagated 
  from 
  cuttings 
  im- 
  

   ported 
  some 
  30 
  years 
  ago. 
  All 
  other 
  places 
  in 
  the 
  state, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  was 
  

   ascertained 
  by 
  Mr 
  Atwood, 
  had 
  received 
  buds 
  or 
  cuttings 
  from 
  this 
  or- 
  

   chard. 
  So 
  it 
  seems 
  most 
  probable 
  that 
  this 
  insect 
  has 
  been 
  established 
  

   in 
  the 
  state 
  about 
  30 
  years. 
  

  

  A 
  European 
  pest. 
  This 
  species 
  is 
  stated 
  by 
  Dr 
  Marlatt 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  

   well-known 
  pest 
  on 
  various 
  fruit 
  trees 
  in 
  Europe. 
  He 
  is 
  of 
  the 
  opinion 
  

   that, 
  were 
  it 
  as 
  actively 
  exploited 
  in 
  this 
  country 
  as 
  has 
  been 
  its 
  close 
  

   relative, 
  the 
  pernicious 
  or 
  San 
  Jose 
  scale, 
  it 
  would 
  assume 
  a 
  similar 
  im- 
  

   portance. 
  It 
  is 
  undoubtedly 
  a 
  species 
  which 
  should 
  be 
  carefully 
  watched, 
  

   but 
  its 
  behavior 
  in 
  the 
  state 
  of 
  New 
  York 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  present 
  does 
  not 
  

   justify 
  the 
  expectation 
  that 
  it 
  will 
  ever 
  in 
  this 
  latitude 
  rank 
  in 
  import- 
  

   ance 
  with 
  the 
  closely 
  allied 
  Aspidiotus 
  pernieiosus. 
  Mr 
  At- 
  

   wood 
  in 
  a 
  letter 
  dated 
  Ap. 
  4, 
  1899, 
  states 
  that 
  in 
  no 
  case 
  was 
  serious 
  in- 
  

   jury 
  evident. 
  I 
  have 
  received 
  some 
  pieces 
  of 
  bark 
  pretty 
  badly 
  infested 
  

   with 
  this 
  species, 
  but 
  the 
  average 
  shows 
  fewer 
  insects 
  than 
  is 
  the 
  

   case 
  with 
  trees 
  infested 
  with 
  the 
  pernicious 
  scale 
  insect. 
  This 
  form 
  

   seems 
  to 
  be 
  more 
  injurious 
  in 
  Pennsylvania, 
  as 
  some 
  nursery 
  stock 
  badly 
  

   infested 
  with 
  this 
  species 
  has 
  been 
  received 
  from 
  there. 
  

  

  Description. 
  The 
  general 
  appearance 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  is 
  similar 
  to 
  

   that 
  of 
  the 
  pernicious, 
  or 
  San 
  Jose 
  scale. 
  The 
  white 
  stage 
  is 
  shown 
  in 
  

   figure 
  I. 
  A 
  quite 
  characteristic 
  appearance 
  of 
  the 
  young 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  

   is 
  shown 
  natural 
  size 
  in 
  figure 
  2 
  and 
  enlarged 
  in 
  figure 
  3. 
  The 
  sides 
  of 
  

   the 
  scale 
  are 
  dark 
  gray, 
  while 
  the 
  center 
  which 
  is 
  nearly 
  white, 
  may 
  be 
  

   grayish 
  or 
  brown. 
  The 
  young 
  appear 
  to 
  have 
  quite 
  a 
  habit 
  of 
  arranging 
  

   themselves 
  at 
  nearly 
  equal 
  distances 
  from 
  one 
  another. 
  The 
  white 
  or 
  

   brown 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  adult 
  scale 
  may 
  break 
  away 
  and 
  expose 
  the 
  yellowish 
  

   cast 
  skin 
  or 
  exuviae, 
  as 
  is 
  shown 
  in 
  figures 
  4 
  and 
  5. 
  A 
  number 
  of 
  scales 
  

   are 
  represented 
  natural 
  size 
  in 
  figure 
  6 
  and 
  a, 
  portion 
  enlarged 
  

   in 
  figure 
  7. 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  young 
  are 
  always 
  found 
  among 
  a 
  mass 
  of 
  old 
  

   scales, 
  and, 
  when 
  they 
  are 
  white, 
  the 
  gray 
  of 
  the 
  old 
  scales 
  is 
  lightened 
  

   considerably. 
  Sometimes 
  masses 
  of 
  this 
  scale 
  insect 
  are 
  a 
  dark 
  gray, 
  and 
  

   then 
  the 
  young 
  are 
  usually 
  grayish 
  or 
  brownish. 
  The 
  individual 
  adult 
  

   female 
  scale 
  may 
  attain 
  a 
  diameter 
  of 
  nearly 
  ^ 
  inch. 
  It 
  has 
  a 
  yellowish 
  or 
  

   orange 
  nipple 
  a 
  little 
  to 
  one 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  center, 
  and 
  the 
  gray 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  

   scale 
  is 
  normally 
  marked 
  with 
  black 
  specks 
  (see 
  fig. 
  9), 
  and, 
  when 
  on 
  a 
  

   rough 
  tree, 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  scale 
  is 
  usually 
  continuous 
  with 
  the 
  outer 
  

   layer 
  of 
  the 
  bark. 
  The 
  male 
  scale 
  (fig. 
  8) 
  is 
  somewhat 
  oval 
  in 
  outline. 
  

  

  