﻿SCALE 
  INSECTS 
  OF 
  IMPORTANCE 
  33 
  1 
  

  

  which 
  represents 
  the 
  scale 
  of 
  a 
  fully 
  developed 
  female. 
  The 
  form 
  and 
  

   orange 
  red 
  exuviae 
  of 
  the 
  male 
  scales 
  are 
  illustrated 
  in 
  figure 
  9. 
  The 
  

   varying 
  appearance 
  of 
  the 
  young 
  is 
  shown 
  in 
  figures 
  3, 
  4 
  and 
  5. 
  

  

  Life 
  history. 
  This 
  species, 
  as 
  determined 
  by 
  Prof. 
  Johnson, 
  winters 
  

   partly 
  grown 
  in 
  Illinois, 
  the 
  males 
  appearing 
  about 
  the 
  middle 
  

   of 
  April 
  and 
  the 
  young 
  beginning 
  to 
  emerge 
  early 
  in 
  May, 
  eggs 
  and 
  

   young 
  being 
  found 
  as 
  late 
  as 
  June 
  20. 
  This 
  insect, 
  in 
  the 
  latitude 
  of 
  

   Springfield 
  (111.) 
  produces 
  two 
  generations 
  annually, 
  the 
  males 
  of 
  the 
  

   second 
  brood 
  appearing 
  from 
  July 
  10 
  to 
  August 
  i, 
  and 
  the 
  young 
  of 
  this 
  

   generation 
  from 
  the 
  first 
  week 
  in 
  August 
  till 
  late 
  in 
  September. 
  

  

  Distribution. 
  Prof. 
  Johnson 
  states 
  that 
  this 
  insect 
  is 
  common 
  in 
  

   Illinois 
  and 
  neighboring 
  states. 
  It 
  is 
  apparently 
  very 
  rare 
  in 
  New 
  York 
  

   state, 
  having 
  been 
  received 
  from 
  Manchester, 
  Cornwall 
  and 
  Kinderhook 
  

   and 
  by 
  Dr 
  Howard 
  from 
  Geneva. 
  So 
  far 
  as 
  known, 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  

   in 
  but 
  two 
  localities 
  in 
  Massachusetts. 
  Prof. 
  Hunter 
  records 
  it 
  from 
  

   Kansas 
  and 
  New 
  Mexico. 
  It 
  also 
  occurs 
  in 
  Maryland, 
  Georgia 
  and 
  

   West 
  Virginia. 
  

  

  Natural 
  enemies. 
  The 
  following 
  seven 
  parasites 
  were 
  reared 
  by 
  

   Prof. 
  Johnson 
  from 
  this 
  scale 
  insect 
  : 
  Prospalta 
  murtfeldti 
  How.^ 
  

   Prospalta 
  aurantii 
  How., 
  Perrisopterus 
  pulchellus 
  

   How., 
  Signiphora 
  nigrita 
  How. 
  MS., 
  Arrhenophagus 
  

   chionaspidis 
  Aur., 
  Ablerus 
  clisiocampae 
  Ashm., 
  and 
  a 
  

   species 
  belonging 
  to 
  the 
  genus 
  Encyrtus. 
  He 
  also 
  observed 
  whitish 
  

   mites 
  under 
  the 
  scales. 
  The 
  twice 
  stabbed 
  lady 
  bug, 
  Chilocorus 
  

   bivulnerus 
  Muls., 
  in 
  both 
  adult 
  and 
  larval 
  stages, 
  feeds 
  on 
  this 
  

   insect. 
  

  

  Food 
  plants. 
  This 
  insect 
  has 
  been 
  recorded 
  on 
  the 
  following 
  r 
  

   apple, 
  apricot, 
  cherry, 
  pear, 
  plum, 
  quince, 
  currant 
  and 
  honey 
  locust. 
  

  

  Remedies. 
  Thorough 
  spraying 
  with 
  insecticides, 
  as 
  recommended 
  

   for 
  the 
  San 
  Jose 
  scale, 
  should 
  prove 
  equally 
  effective 
  with 
  this 
  species. 
  

  

  Bibliography 
  

  

  Johnson, 
  W. 
  G. 
  Descriptions 
  of 
  five 
  new 
  species 
  of 
  scale 
  insects^ 
  

   with 
  notes. 
  111. 
  state 
  laboratory 
  of 
  natural 
  hist. 
  v. 
  4. 
  art. 
  13. 
  1896. 
  

   p. 
  380-83 
  (original 
  description) 
  ; 
  Notes 
  on 
  new 
  and 
  old 
  scale 
  insects. 
  

   U. 
  S. 
  dep't 
  agric. 
  div. 
  ent. 
  Bui. 
  6, 
  n. 
  s. 
  1896. 
  p. 
  74-75 
  (notes 
  on 
  

   life 
  history, 
  food 
  plants, 
  habits 
  and 
  parasites) 
  ; 
  Preliminary 
  notes 
  on 
  five 
  

   new 
  species 
  of 
  scale 
  insects. 
  Ent. 
  news. 
  1896. 
  7:151 
  (notes); 
  Notes 
  

   on 
  some 
  little 
  known 
  insects 
  of 
  economic 
  importance. 
  U. 
  S. 
  dep't 
  agric^ 
  

  

  