﻿340 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  small 
  trees, 
  and, 
  where 
  such 
  are 
  reasonably 
  distant 
  from 
  other 
  infested 
  

   trees, 
  an 
  attempt 
  might 
  be 
  made 
  to 
  exterminate 
  the 
  pernicious 
  scale 
  by 
  

   fumigation. 
  A 
  box 
  tent 
  6x6 
  and 
  8 
  feet 
  high, 
  with 
  a 
  hood 
  7 
  feet 
  high 
  and 
  

   a 
  sod 
  cloth 
  some 
  6 
  inches 
  wide, 
  was 
  made 
  of 
  8 
  ounce 
  duck 
  which 
  was 
  

   thoroughly 
  painted 
  with 
  boiled 
  linseed 
  oil. 
  Rings 
  for 
  guy 
  ropes 
  were 
  

   provided 
  at 
  the 
  upper 
  corners, 
  and 
  the 
  tent 
  was 
  Hfted 
  by 
  a 
  rope 
  attached 
  

   to 
  the 
  extremity 
  of 
  the 
  hood. 
  The 
  form 
  of 
  the 
  tent 
  was 
  kept 
  rather 
  con- 
  

   stant 
  by 
  using 
  a 
  Hght 
  frame 
  composed 
  of 
  four 
  side 
  pieces 
  and 
  slender 
  

   posts 
  at 
  each 
  corner 
  (see 
  pi. 
  10). 
  The 
  tent 
  was 
  handled 
  with 
  the 
  aid 
  of 
  

   a 
  35 
  foot 
  mast 
  and 
  an 
  8 
  foot 
  gaff 
  and 
  tackling, 
  and 
  was 
  raised 
  bodily 
  and 
  

   dropped 
  over 
  the 
  tree. 
  The 
  mast 
  could 
  be 
  fixed 
  to 
  a 
  heavy 
  wagon 
  when 
  

   used 
  on 
  level 
  ground 
  where 
  the 
  trees 
  are 
  some 
  distance 
  apart. 
  This 
  

   tent 
  and 
  outfit 
  cost 
  $^S, 
  but. 
  as 
  only 
  one 
  was 
  made, 
  much 
  better 
  terms 
  

   could 
  be 
  secured 
  if 
  several 
  were 
  ordered. 
  The 
  cost 
  of 
  treatment, 
  aside 
  

   from 
  apparatus, 
  is 
  comparatively 
  Utfle. 
  The 
  secret 
  of 
  doing 
  this 
  work 
  

   economically 
  consists 
  in 
  having 
  enough 
  tents, 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  men 
  will 
  not 
  

   have 
  to 
  wait 
  but 
  will 
  be 
  kept 
  busy 
  changing 
  one 
  after 
  another. 
  A 
  httle 
  

   experience 
  will 
  enable 
  those 
  handling 
  the 
  tent 
  to 
  raise 
  it 
  from 
  one 
  tree, 
  

   swing 
  it 
  over 
  another, 
  lower 
  it, 
  fix 
  it 
  in 
  position; 
  place 
  the 
  chemicals 
  and 
  

   have 
  the 
  fumigation 
  started 
  within 
  a 
  short 
  time. 
  Five 
  to 
  10 
  or 
  more 
  

   tents 
  could 
  be 
  used 
  in 
  a 
  large 
  orchard 
  to 
  advantage. 
  The 
  economical 
  

   use 
  of 
  a 
  small 
  number 
  of 
  tents 
  would 
  necessitate 
  some 
  employment 
  near 
  

   at 
  hand 
  to 
  occupy 
  spare 
  minutes. 
  Dormant 
  trees 
  can 
  be 
  fumigated 
  in 
  

   this 
  latitude, 
  even 
  when 
  the 
  sun 
  shines, 
  without 
  any 
  apparent 
  injury 
  to 
  

   the 
  trees. 
  The 
  gas 
  should 
  be 
  allowed 
  to 
  act 
  for 
  35 
  minutes 
  or 
  a 
  Httle 
  

   longer, 
  and 
  i 
  ounce 
  of 
  potassium 
  cyanid 
  (98% 
  pure) 
  to 
  each 
  75 
  cubic 
  

   feet 
  of 
  space, 
  with 
  an 
  equal 
  amount 
  by 
  liquid 
  measure 
  of 
  the 
  best 
  grade 
  

   of 
  commercial 
  sulfuric 
  acid 
  (specific 
  gravity 
  1.83) 
  and 
  thrice 
  that 
  amount 
  

   of 
  water, 
  did 
  not 
  appear 
  to 
  injure 
  the 
  trees 
  in 
  the 
  least, 
  while 
  every 
  scale 
  

   insect 
  was 
  apparently 
  killed. 
  The 
  above 
  amounts 
  for 
  100 
  cubic 
  feet 
  of 
  

   space 
  gave 
  equally 
  good 
  results. 
  A 
  better 
  proportion, 
  according 
  to 
  Prof. 
  

   Johnson, 
  is 
  i 
  ounce 
  cyanid, 
  i^ 
  ounces 
  acid 
  and 
  2^ 
  ounces 
  water. 
  The 
  

   cyanid 
  and 
  acid 
  are 
  both 
  very 
  dangerous 
  substances, 
  and 
  should 
  be 
  

   handled 
  with 
  the 
  greatest 
  care. 
  The 
  cyanid 
  should 
  be 
  conspicuously 
  

   labeled, 
  kept 
  in 
  a 
  tight, 
  covered 
  can 
  and 
  not 
  taken 
  therefrom 
  till 
  it 
  is 
  to 
  

   be 
  used. 
  The 
  sulfuric 
  acid 
  is 
  capable 
  of 
  producing 
  horrible 
  burns, 
  and 
  

   it 
  should 
  be 
  g'uarded 
  most 
  carefully. 
  The 
  acid 
  should 
  be 
  turned 
  into 
  the 
  

   water 
  slowly, 
  the 
  mixture 
  being 
  constantly 
  stirred. 
  A 
  glazed 
  earthenware 
  

   crock 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  best 
  vessels 
  for 
  the 
  chemicals, 
  and 
  it 
  should 
  be 
  placed 
  

   under 
  the 
  tent 
  near 
  its 
  middle 
  but 
  not 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  trunk 
  of 
  the 
  tree. 
  

  

  