﻿562 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  case 
  and 
  had 
  no 
  tubercles 
  on 
  the 
  abdomen. 
  Numerous 
  filaments 
  on 
  the 
  

   abdomen 
  serve 
  as. 
  respiratory 
  organs, 
  obtaining 
  oxygen 
  from 
  the 
  water 
  

   which 
  is 
  kept 
  circulating 
  through 
  the 
  case 
  by 
  the 
  undulatory 
  motion 
  of 
  

   the 
  body. 
  

  

  When 
  the 
  time 
  for 
  transformation 
  approaches, 
  the 
  larva 
  closes 
  the 
  

   opening 
  of 
  its 
  case, 
  sometimes 
  with 
  the 
  same 
  material 
  as 
  that 
  used 
  in 
  the 
  

   case 
  itself, 
  but 
  frequently 
  w^ith 
  other 
  things. 
  Sometimes 
  only 
  a 
  web 
  of 
  

   silk 
  is 
  spun 
  across 
  the 
  opening, 
  and 
  in 
  every 
  case 
  sufficient 
  space 
  is 
  left 
  

   for 
  the 
  circulation 
  of 
  the 
  water. 
  During 
  the 
  pupal 
  period 
  the 
  cases 
  are 
  

   generally 
  fastened 
  to 
  submerged 
  sticks, 
  stones 
  or 
  other 
  supports. 
  In 
  

   size 
  the 
  pupa 
  does 
  not 
  differ 
  greatly 
  from 
  the 
  larva. 
  The 
  eyes 
  have 
  

   become 
  far 
  more 
  prominent. 
  Wings 
  and 
  antennae 
  appear 
  and 
  are 
  folded 
  

   backward 
  and 
  downward 
  under 
  the 
  body. 
  The 
  legs 
  and 
  palpi 
  are 
  also 
  

   folded 
  beneath 
  the 
  body. 
  In 
  place 
  of 
  prolegs 
  and 
  hooks, 
  two 
  long 
  tube- 
  

   like 
  processes 
  (fig. 
  38) 
  terminate 
  the 
  body. 
  The 
  pupa 
  holds 
  its 
  position 
  

   by 
  means 
  of 
  hooks 
  on 
  the 
  dorsal 
  side. 
  Generally 
  there 
  are 
  hooks 
  point- 
  

   ing 
  backward 
  at 
  the 
  anterior 
  edge 
  of 
  several 
  segments, 
  while 
  at 
  the 
  

   posterior 
  edge 
  of 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  segments 
  is 
  a 
  pair 
  of 
  plates 
  bearing 
  spikes 
  

   which 
  point 
  forward. 
  The 
  respiratory 
  filaments 
  remain, 
  and 
  breathing 
  is 
  

   doubtless 
  accomplished 
  by 
  the 
  same 
  method 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  larval 
  stage. 
  

   When 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  transformation 
  arrives, 
  the 
  pupa 
  leaves 
  its 
  case, 
  climbs 
  

   up 
  some 
  support, 
  casts 
  its 
  skin 
  and 
  emerges 
  as 
  an 
  adult 
  insect. 
  Some 
  

   species 
  emerge 
  directly 
  from 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  water. 
  

  

  So 
  far 
  as 
  observed, 
  the 
  adult 
  caddis 
  flies 
  do 
  not 
  feed. 
  They 
  spend 
  

   their 
  lives 
  near 
  the 
  place 
  of 
  emergence, 
  most 
  of 
  them 
  flying 
  but 
  little, 
  at 
  

   least 
  durmg 
  the 
  day, 
  but 
  some 
  species 
  may 
  be 
  seen 
  swarming 
  just 
  over 
  

   the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  water. 
  The 
  large 
  number 
  taken 
  by 
  the 
  trap 
  lantern 
  is 
  

   evidence 
  of 
  the 
  nocturnal 
  habits 
  of 
  the 
  adults. 
  The 
  laying 
  of 
  the 
  eggs 
  

   was 
  not 
  observed 
  but 
  must 
  of 
  course 
  take 
  place 
  in 
  or 
  directly 
  above 
  the 
  

   water. 
  Many 
  clusters 
  of 
  eggs 
  were 
  found 
  under 
  the 
  bark 
  of 
  submerged 
  

   trees, 
  which 
  would 
  lead 
  to 
  the 
  conclusion 
  that 
  in 
  some 
  cases 
  the 
  female 
  

   insect 
  goes 
  under 
  water 
  to 
  deposit 
  the 
  eggs. 
  The 
  circular 
  cluster 
  of 
  

   ^greenish 
  eggs 
  shown 
  in 
  plate 
  33, 
  figure 
  4 
  was 
  found 
  suspended 
  on 
  a 
  sub- 
  

   merged 
  twig 
  under 
  a 
  log 
  floating 
  in 
  deep 
  water. 
  The 
  number 
  of 
  eggs 
  in 
  

   this 
  cluster 
  was 
  estimated 
  at 
  450. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  description 
  of 
  species 
  given 
  below, 
  there 
  was 
  no 
  opportunity 
  

   for 
  comparison 
  with 
  other 
  work 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  kind. 
  In 
  fact, 
  no 
  descrip- 
  

   tions 
  of 
  the 
  immature 
  stages 
  of 
  the 
  American 
  species 
  of 
  Trichoptera 
  has 
  

   heretofore 
  been 
  published, 
  except 
  the 
  paper 
  of 
  Miss 
  Cora 
  Clarke^ 
  which 
  

  

  1 
  Clarke, 
  Cora 
  H. 
  Caddice 
  worms 
  of 
  Stony 
  brook. 
  Psyche. 
  1891. 
  p. 
  153. 
  

  

  