﻿638 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  building 
  by 
  the 
  direct 
  action 
  of 
  the 
  ice 
  and 
  through 
  the 
  accumula- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  gravels 
  by 
  water 
  action. 
  

  

  The 
  till 
  phase 
  of 
  the 
  moraine 
  in 
  this 
  area 
  is 
  best 
  shown 
  in 
  a 
  road 
  

   cut 
  about 
  one 
  mile 
  south 
  of 
  East 
  JSTorwich. 
  The 
  till 
  is 
  here 
  

   decidedly 
  gravelly 
  rather 
  than 
  clayey, 
  with 
  cobbles 
  up 
  to 
  20 
  inches 
  

   in 
  diameter, 
  rarely, 
  though 
  occasionally 
  ice 
  scratched. 
  The 
  topog- 
  

   raphy 
  is 
  cast 
  into 
  small 
  knobs 
  more 
  distinct 
  than 
  the 
  20 
  foot 
  con- 
  

   tour 
  lines 
  of 
  the 
  map 
  can 
  be 
  made 
  to 
  show. 
  The 
  hill 
  over 
  which 
  

   the 
  road 
  in 
  question 
  passes 
  has 
  a 
  drumlinoid 
  curve, 
  as 
  if 
  the 
  iceliad 
  

   overridden 
  it. 
  

  

  The 
  overriding 
  action 
  of 
  the 
  ice 
  shown 
  in 
  the 
  boulders 
  deposited 
  

   on 
  water-worn 
  gravels 
  in 
  the 
  moraine 
  and 
  by 
  the 
  ice-swept 
  curves 
  of 
  

   many 
  of 
  the 
  knobs 
  is 
  further 
  attested 
  by 
  the 
  outlying 
  meridional 
  

   ridges 
  between 
  the 
  inner 
  and 
  outer 
  lines 
  of 
  moraines 
  just 
  north 
  of 
  

   Westbury 
  pond. 
  Their 
  massiveness 
  and 
  accordance 
  in 
  elevation 
  

   with 
  the 
  inner 
  ridge 
  are 
  good 
  evidence 
  that 
  they 
  were 
  formed 
  by 
  

   the 
  same 
  phase 
  of 
  ice 
  action 
  which 
  was 
  concerned 
  in 
  the 
  construc- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  the 
  main 
  ridge 
  of 
  which 
  they 
  are 
  but 
  spurs. 
  

  

  The 
  thick 
  till 
  phase 
  of 
  the 
  moraine 
  proper 
  shades 
  off 
  imper- 
  

   ceptibly 
  into 
  the 
  thin 
  till 
  phase 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  gravel 
  

   plains 
  on 
  the 
  north. 
  This 
  latter 
  drift 
  appears 
  to 
  be, 
  over 
  most 
  of 
  

   the 
  area, 
  ordinary 
  ground 
  moraine 
  like 
  that 
  on 
  the 
  mainland 
  far 
  

   north 
  of 
  the 
  moraines. 
  Only 
  here 
  and 
  there 
  and 
  particularly 
  on 
  the 
  

   extreme 
  eastern 
  border 
  of 
  the 
  Oyster 
  Bay 
  quadrangle 
  do 
  consider- 
  

   able 
  patches 
  of 
  till 
  with 
  morainal 
  topography 
  lie 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  main 
  

   wall, 
  but 
  none 
  of 
  these 
  have 
  the 
  aspect 
  of 
  a 
  frontal 
  deposit. 
  They 
  

   are, 
  rather, 
  thickened 
  deposits 
  of 
  the 
  ground 
  moraine, 
  and 
  their 
  

   principal 
  relief 
  is 
  molded 
  on 
  the 
  ridges 
  and 
  valleys 
  of 
  the 
  older 
  

   drift 
  which 
  they 
  mantle. 
  They 
  have 
  therefore 
  on 
  the 
  map 
  been 
  

   distinguished 
  from 
  the 
  deposits 
  which 
  by 
  their 
  linear 
  arrangement 
  

   and 
  massiness 
  more 
  clearly 
  pertain 
  to 
  deposition 
  at 
  or 
  immediately 
  

   beneath 
  the 
  ice 
  front. 
  

  

  The 
  stratified 
  gravels 
  in 
  the 
  moraine 
  appear 
  to 
  belong 
  to 
  two 
  dis- 
  

   tinct 
  categories 
  as 
  regards 
  the 
  mode 
  of 
  their 
  origin 
  : 
  1) 
  outwashed 
  

   gravels 
  laid 
  down 
  at 
  the 
  ice 
  front 
  and 
  subsequently 
  pushed 
  up 
  into 
  

   ridges 
  ; 
  2) 
  high 
  cones 
  or 
  fans 
  deposited 
  along 
  the 
  ice 
  front 
  by 
  out- 
  

   pouring 
  streams 
  either 
  from 
  fountains 
  sucli 
  as 
  Russell 
  has 
  described 
  

  

  