164 E. A. SMITH PIONBEUS IN GULF COASTAL PLAIN GEOLOGY 



loosa, and especially over the Squaw Shoals, where there is a fall of more 

 than 50 feet in a distance of about 5 miles, the barges were wrecked and 

 the coal dumped into the river. Near the foot of Squaw Shoals, 25 miles 

 above Tuscaloosa, lock 17 is now well advanced toward completion, a 

 work which in magnitude approaches the locks of the Panama Canal. 

 The lift of 64 feet will give deep water into the territory of the Pratt and 

 Mary Lee seams in the Birmingham district. 



To these visits of Sir Charles Lyell we are indebted for a number of 

 exceedingly valuable papers on the geology of the Southern States. Some 

 of the most important of these are "On the Coal Fields of Alabama," ^^ 

 ''^On the Newer Deposits of the Southern States of North America," ^^ 

 "On the Eocene of Georgia and Alabama," ^* "On the Delta and Alluvial 

 Deposits of the Mississippi Kiver." ^^ This latter paper contains an ac- 

 count of the Mudlumps of the Delta and of the stump stratum of Port 

 Hudson. "On the Eelative Age of the Nummulitic Limestone of Ala- 

 bama," ^^ in which paper he correctly locates the Zeuglodon bed, below 

 the Nummulitic limestone and above the Claiborne. 



Later geological Surveys and Studies 



TEXAS 



The travels of Bartram and of Baron von Humboldt in the territory 

 now embraced in Texas have already been spoken of. 



In 1838 the British government sent William Kennedy on a diplomatic 

 mission to the young Eepublic of Texas. While there he studied closely 

 the topography, natural history, and geology of the country, and on his 

 return to England he published, in 1841, his "Texas" in two volumes, 

 with carefully compiled topographic map. This work contains an account 

 of the natural and political history of Texas and the first scientific de- 

 scription of the region, based on personal observation.^^ 



In December, 1843, Dr. Ferdinand Eoemer came to Texas primarily 

 to study its adaptation to German settlement. He remained in the state 

 until April, 1847. The results of this study appeared in two prelimi- 

 nary papers, published in this country under the titles "A Sketch of the 

 Geology of Texas" ^^ and "Contributions to the Geology of Texas," ^^ and 



^Am, Jour. Scl., 2d series, vol. 1, 1846, pp. 371-376. 



Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc, vol. 11, 1846, pp. 278-282. 

 " Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc, vol. 11, 1846, pp. 405-410. 

 "Am. Jour. Scl., 2d series, vol. 1, 1846, pp. 313-315. 

 15 Am. Jour. Scl., 2d series, vol. 3, 1847, pp. 34-39. 

 "Am. Jour. Scl., 2d series, vol. 4, 1847, pp. 186-191. 

 "Hill: Bulletin No. 45, U. S. Geological Survey, p. 13. 

 18 Am. Jour. Scl., 2d series, vol. 2, 1846, pp. 358-365. _ ' 



"Am. Jour. Scl., 2d series, vol. 6, 1848, pp. 21-28. 



