TEXAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 165 



in two important volumes, published in Germany, with the following 

 titles as translated: "Texas, with especial reference to German emigra- 

 tion and the physical condition of the country, based on personal observa- 

 tions, with geological map," Bonn, 1849 ; and "The Cretaceous Formation 

 of Texas and its organic remains, with a description of the Tertiary and 

 Paleozoic strata appended," Bonn, 1852. 



These volumes, according to Hill,^^ contain the first purely scientific 

 discussions of Texas, excelling in accuracy and fullness many of the de- 

 scriptions since published; and the 'Tretaceous Formation of Texas," 

 though published in 1852, still remains the only monograph devoted 

 entirely to the geology of the state. 



Texas' has also been fortunate in lying across routes surveyed by Federal 

 expeditions, the most important of which are : First. Captain Marcy^s 

 survey of the Eed Eiver of Louisiana, the results of which were published 

 in 1854, with reports on the geology of the route by Dr. G. G. and Dr. 

 B. F. Shumard. Second. Maj. W. H. Emory's "Mexican Boundary Sur- 

 vey," published in 1857, and including papers on the geology by Schott, 

 Hall, and Conrad, Third. "Surveys of Eoutes for Railroad from the 

 Mississippi River to the Pacific," published in 1856. Two of these routes 

 crossed parts of Texas, namely, the 35th parallel survey, conducted by 

 Lieutenant Whipple, with Mr. Jules Marcou as geologist, and that along 

 the 32d parallel, conducted by Capt. John Pope. Mr. Marcou wrote pre- 

 liminary reports on the geology and paleontology of the 35th parallel 

 survey, but by reason of a misunderstanding between himself and the 

 Secretary of War the final report was written by Mr. W. P. Blake. In 

 1853 appeared "Sketch of a geological map of the United States," by 

 Professor Marcou, and in 1858 his ''^Geology of North America," includ- 

 ing an edition of the geological map of the United States above men- 

 tioned. It is not necessary here to speak of the controversies between 

 Professor Marcou and a number of other geologists about some of the 

 correlations published in this work. 



The last of the Federal expeditions was conducted by Capt. John Pope, 

 in 1857 and 1858, for the purpose of boring artesian wells on the plains. 

 This expedition was accompanied by Dr. G. G. Shumard as geologist. 



In 1886 Robert T. Hill began his studies of the geology of the Arkan- 

 sas-Texas region, in connection with the United States Geological Survey 

 and with the University of Texas, where he was for some years Professor 

 of Geology. 



As a result of this work, which occupied most of his time until 1904, a 

 great system was added to the Cretaceous of Texas, as it was known in 



2» Bulletin No. 45, U. S. Geological Survey, pp. 15-18. 



